Curcumin Mediated Gold Nanoparticles and Analysis of its Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Pathogens

Sreedevi Dharman; Gopal Maragathavalli; Rajeshkumar Shanmugam; Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram

Authors

Sreedevi Dharman
Gopal Maragathavalli
Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram

Keywords:

Metal Nanoparticles, Curcumin, Anti-Infective Agents

Abstract

Objective: To green synthesise gold nanoparticles using curcumin and to analyse its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity among oral pathogens. Material and Methods: Biosynthesised Curcumin Gold nanoparticles (CuAuNP) were evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. Results: Synthesized CuAuNP were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry and showed peak absorption at 530nm. CuAuNp showed a 90.3% maximum scavenging ability of DPPH at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. CuAuNP exhibited 79.6 % of the highest anti-inflammatory activity at 50μg/mL than the standard drug diclofenac. TEM image clearly showed uniformly dispersed spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles with a size of about 20 nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticle was tested for its antimicrobial effect, and it showed a potent effect against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans at 100µg/ mL. Enterococcus faecalis has a maximum zone of inhibition of 14 mm at 100µg/ mL of CuAuNp. Among gram-positive bacteria, a maximum zone of inhibition of 12 mm at 100µg/ mL was seen in S. aureus compared to S mutans. Candida albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 18 mm at 25 μg/mL of CuAuNp. Conclusion: Curcumin-mediated gold nanoparticles with 20 nm size were effective and had strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at 50µg/ mL, antimicrobial action inhibiting microbes at 100µg/ mL concentration that can be used in treating various Oral mucosal lesions.

References

Manju S, Sreenivasan K. Gold nanoparticles generated and stabilized by water soluble curcumin-polymer conjugate: blood compatibility evaluation and targeted drug delivery onto cancer cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 368(1):144-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.024

Dawadi S, Katuwal S, Gupta A, Lamichhane U, Thapa R, Jaisi S, et al. Current research on silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and applications. J Nanomaterials 2021; 2021:1-23. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6687290

Chopra H, Bibi S, Singh I, Hasan MM, Khan MS, Yousafi Q, et al. Green metallic nanoparticles: biosynthesis to applications. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol 2022; 10:874742. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.874742

N Cyril, George JB, Nair PV, Joseph L, Sunila CT, Smitha VK, et al. Catalytic activity of Derris trifoliata stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles in the reduction of isomers of nitrophenol and azo violet. Nano-Struc Nano-Objects 2020; 22:100430. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NANASO.2020.100430

Dharman S, Kumar R, Shanmugasundaram K. Synthesis and characterization of novel turmeric gold nanoparticles and evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity for application in oral mucositis-an invitro study. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci 2021; 08(05):2525-32. https://doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-21000495

Behzad F, Naghib SM, Kouhbanani MAJ, Tabatabaei SN, Zare Y, Rhee KY. An overview of the plant-mediated green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles for antibacterial applications. J Ind Eng Chem 2021; 94:92-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2020.12.005

Luther DC, Huang R, Jeon T, Zhang X, Lee YW, Nagaraj H, et al. Delivery of drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids using inorganic nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:188-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.020

Upoma BP, Mahnaz F, Sajal WR, Zahan N, Hossain Firoz MS, Azam MS. Bio-inspired immobilization of silver and gold on magnetic graphene oxide for rapid catalysis and recyclability. J Environ Chem Eng 2020; 8(3):103739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103739

Venkatpurwar V, Shiras A, Pokharkar V. Porphyran capped gold nanoparticles as a novel carrier for delivery of anticancer drug: in vitro cytotoxicity study. Int J Pharm 2011; 409(1-2):314-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.054

Khodadadi S, Mahdinezhad N, Fazeli-Nasab B, Heidari MJ, Fakheri B, Miri A. Investigating the possibility of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using vaccinium arctostaphlyos extract and evaluating its antibacterial properties. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:5572252. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5572252

Verma AD, Jain N, Singha SK, Quraishi MA, Sinha I. Green synthesis and catalytic application of curcumin stabilized silver Nanoparticles. J Chem Sci 2016; 128:1871-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-016-1189-7

Amalraj A, Pius A, Gopi S, Gopi S. Biological activities of curcuminoids, other biomolecules from turmeric and their derivatives - a review. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7(2):205-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.005

Dharman S, G M, Shanmugasundaram K, Sampath RK. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of curcumin/turmeric for the prevention and amelioration of radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22(6):1671-84. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1671

De Souza CD, Nogueira BR, Rostelato MECM. Review of the methodologies used in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles by chemical reduction. J Alloys Compd 2019; 798:714-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.153

Lopresti AL. The problem of curcumin and its bioavailability: could its gastrointestinal influence contribute to its overall health-enhancing effects? Adv Nutr 2018; 9(1):41-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmx011

Dharman S, Maragathavalli, Rajeshkumar, Shanmugasundaram K. Ecofriendly synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial activity of Curcumin mediated silver nanoparticles. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci 2021; 08(04):2314-8. https://doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-21000457

Chaudhary T, Chahar A, Sharma JK, Kaur K, Dang A. Phytomedicine in the treatment of cancer: a health technology assessment. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9(12):XC04–XC09. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/15701.6913

Chanda N, Kan P, Watkinson LD, Shukla R, Zambre A, Carmack TL, et al. Radioactive gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy: therapeutic efficacy studies of GA-198AuNP nanoconstruct in prostate tumor-bearing mice. Nanomedicine 2010; 6(2):201-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2009.11.001

Tiwari PM, Vig K, Dennis VA, Singh SR. Functionalized gold nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Nanomaterials 2011; 1(1):31-63. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1010031

Verma AD, Jain N, Singha SK, Quraishi MA, Sinha I. Green synthesis and catalytic application of curcumin stabilized silver Nanoparticles. J Chem Sci 2016; 128:1871-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-016-1189-7

Silva AC, Santos PDF, Silva JTP, Leimann FV, Bracht L, Gonçalves OH. Impact of curcumin nanoformulation on its antimicrobial activity. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018; 72:74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.12.004

Rajeshkumar S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh bark of Pongamia pinnata and characterization of its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Resource-Efficient Technologies 2016; 2(1):30-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reffit.2016.06.003

Liu R, Pei Q, Shou T, Zhang W, Hu J, Li W. Apoptotic effect of green synthesized gold nanoparticles from Curcuma wenyujin extract against human renal cell carcinoma A498 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4091-4103. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S203222

Botteon CEA, Silva LB, Ccana-Ccapatinta GV, Silva TS, Ambrosio SR, Veneziani RCS, et al. Biosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using Brazilian red propolis and evaluation of its antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Sci Rep 2021; 11(1):1974. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81281-w

Majumdar R, Bag BG, Ghosh P. Mimusops elengi bark extract mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and study of its catalytic activity. Appl Nanosci 2016; 6:521-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0454-2

Patra D, Moussawi RN. Curcumin Conjugated gold nanoparticles for nucleic acid sensing. IEEE Int Conf Nanotechnol 2016; 401-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2015.7388621

Rashmi BN, Harlapur SF, Avinash B, Ravikumar CR, Nagaswarupa HP, Anil Kumar MR, et al. Facile green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles and their electrochemical, photocatalytic and biological studies. Inorg Chem Commun 2020; 111:107580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107580

Ahmad A, Syed F, Imran M, Khan AU, Tahir K, Khan ZUH, et al. Phytosynthesis and antileishmanial activity of gold nanoparticles by Maytenus Royleanus. J Food Biochem 2016; 40(4):420-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12232

Cui Y, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Zhang W, Lü X, Jiang X. The molecular mechanism of action of bactericidal gold nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. Biomaterials 2012; 33(7):2327-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.057

Manivasagan P, Venkatesan J, Senthilkumar K, Sivakumar K, Kim SK. Biosynthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles using a novel Nocardiopsis sp. MBRC-1. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013:287638. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/287638

Nirmala Grace A, Pandian K. Antibacterial efficacy of aminoglycosidic antibiotics protected gold nanoparticles - a brief study. Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Asp 2007; 297(1-3):63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.10.024

Padalia H, Moteriya P, Chanda S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the marigold flower and its synergistic antimicrobial potential. Arab J Chem 2015; 8:732-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.015

Wang YW, Tang H, Wu D, Liu D, Liu Y, Cao A, et al. Enhanced bactericidal toxicity of silver nanoparticles by the antibiotic gentamicin. Environ Sci Nano 2016; 3(4):788-98. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EN00031B

Thangamani N, Bhuvaneshwari N. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca leaf extract and their biological activity of micro-organism. Chem Phys Lett 2019; 732:136587.

Balasubramanian S, Kala SM, Pushparaj TL. Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Jasminum auriculatum leaf extract and their catalytic, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020; 57:101620.