Angiogenesis of Extracted Tooth Wound on Wistar Rats After Application of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Gel Extract

Muhammad  Luthfi; Wisnu Setyari  Juliastuti; Yuniar Aliyah  Risky

Authors

Muhammad Luthfi
Wisnu Setyari Juliastuti
Yuniar Aliyah Risky

Keywords:

Tooth Extraction, Wound Healing, Angiogenesis Inducing Agents

Abstract

Objective: To analyze angiogenesis in the post-extracted tooth of Wistar rats after application of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) extract. Material and Methods: A total of 18 rats were divided into two groups (control and treatment). Okra extract with a concentration of 30% in gel form was applied on the post- extraction socket of the treatment group. The rats were sacrificed on day-3, day-5, and day-7 after tooth extraction. The newly-formed blood vessels were counted and statistically analyzed by means of One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD with a significance level set at 5%. Results: The newly-formed capillaries of the control group (4.67 ± 1.53) on day-3 were lower than the treatment group (9.00 ± 1.00). The newly-formed capillaries recorded from the control group, both in day-5 (9.33 ± 1.53) and day-7 (8.67 ± 1.53) were lower than the treatment group, which started to decreased from day-5 (13.67 ± 1.53) to day-7 (12.33 ± 0.58). Significant differences were found in treatment group, on day-3 compared to day-5 (p=0.005), and on day-3 to day-7 (p=0.024). Conclusion: Okra extract in gel form at 30% concentration can increase the angiogenesis during the wound healing process of the extracted tooth on Wistar rats.

References

Demidova-Rice TN, Durham JT, Herman IM. Wound healing angiogenesis: innovations and challenges in acute and chronic wound healing. Adv Wound Care 2012; 1(1):17-22. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2011.0308

Ngangi RS. Gambaran Pencabutan Gigi Di Balai Pengobatan Rumah Sakit Gigi Dan Mulut Universitas Sam Ratulangi Tahun 2012. e-GIGI 2013; 1(2):1-7. https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.1.2.2013.3211 [In Indonesian]

Khoswanto C. The effect of mengkudu gel (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) in accelerating the escalation of fibroblastpost extraction. Dent J 2010; 43(1):31-4. https://doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v43.i1.p31-34

Ferreira E, Lucas R, Rossi LA, Andrade D. Dressing of burned patients’ wounds: a literature review. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2003; 37(10):44-51. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62342003000100006

Agus P, Rizqiawan A, Auliyah NS. The effect of sand sea cucumber (holothuria scabra) extract on the amount of fibroblast on tooth socket after tooth extraction on cavia cobaya. Oral Maxillofac Surg J 2015; 4(2):1-6.

Nesa M, Islam M, Alam B, Munira S, Mollika S, Naher N, et al. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activities of the methanolic extract of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. seed in mice. Br J Pharm Res 2014; 4(7):849-60. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2014/7845

Bello HS, Mustapha A, Isa MA, Rahila TC. The in vitro antibacterial activity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) against some selected bacteria from Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria. Int J Biosci Nanosci 2015; 2(4):84-8.

Kumar DS, Tony DE, Kumar AP, Kumar KA, Rao DBS, Nadendla R. A review on: Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra). Int Res J Pharm App Sci 2013; 3(4):129-32.

Soemarie YB. Uji aktivitas antiinflamasi kuersetin kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) pada mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus). J Ilmiah Ibnu Sina 2016; 1(2):163-72. https://doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v1i2.46 [In Indonesian]

Talubmook C, Buddhakala N. Bioactivities of etracts from Tinospora crispa stems, Annona squamosa leaves, Musa sapientum flowers, and Piper sarmentosum leaves in diabetic rats. Int J Adv Res Technol 2013; 2(6):144-9.

Gunawan F, Sularsih S, Soemartono S. Perbedaan kitosan berat molekul rendah dan tinggi terhadap jumlah sel limfosit pada proses penyembuhan luka pencabutan gigi. Dent J Kedokt Gigi 2015; 9(1):113-22.

Di Carlo S, De Angelis F, Brauner E, Rosella D, Papi P, Pompa G, et al. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of mandibular bone tissue regeneration. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018; 32:205873841879824. https://doi.org/10.1177/2058738418798249

Pisoschi AM, Pop A. The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: a review. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:55-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.040

Qing C. The molecular biology in wound healing & non-healing wound. Chin J Traumatol 2017; 20(4):189-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2017.06.001

Jimenez PA, Jimenez SE. Tissue and cellular approaches to wound repair. Am J Surg 2004; 187(5A):56S-64S. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(03)00305-2

Yun YR, Won JE, Jeon E, Lee S, Kang W, Jo H, et al. Fibroblast growth factors: biology, function, and application for tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng 2010; 2010:218142. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/218142

Draoui N, de Zeeuw P, Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis revisited from a metabolic perspective: role and therapeutic implications of endothelial cell metabolism. Open Biol 2017; 7(12):170219. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170219

Gonzalez ACO, Costa TF, Andrade ZA, Medrado ARAP. Wound healing - a literature review. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91(5):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164741

Krzyszczyk P, Schloss R, Palmer A, Berthiaume F. The role of macrophages in acute and chronic wound healing and interventions to promote pro-wound healing phenotypes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:419. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00419

Honnegowda TM, Kumar P, Udupa EGP, Kumar S, Kumar U, Rao P. Role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in acute and chronic wound healing. Plast Aesthetic Res 2015; 2:243-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/2347-9264.165438

Honnegowda TM, Kumar P, Padmanabha Udupa EG, Sharan A, Singh R, Prasad HK, et al. A comparative study to evaluate the effect of limited access dressing (LAD) on burn wound healing. Int Wound J 2016; 13(5):791-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12384

Xia F, Zhong Y, Li M, Chang Q, Liao Y, Liu X, et al. Antioxidant and anti-fatigue constituents of okra. Nutrients 2015, 7(10):8846-58. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7105435

Pratheeshkumar P, Budhraja A, Son YO, Wang X, Zhang Z, Ding S, et al. Quercetin inhibits angiogenesis mediated human prostate tumor growth by targeting VEGFR- 2 regulated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7(10):e47516. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047516