Is Low Income Associated with Malocclusion in Primary Dentition Among Preschoolers?

Jessa Iashmin Alcobaça Gomes  Machado; Natália Silva  Andrade; Renara Natália Cerqueira  Silva; Marcus Vinícius Nunes Neiva  do Rego; Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus  Moura; Wagner Leal  de Moura; Marina de Deus Moura  de Lima

Authors

Jessa Iashmin Alcobaça Gomes Machado
Natália Silva Andrade
Renara Natália Cerqueira Silva
Marcus Vinícius Nunes Neiva do Rego
Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus Moura
Wagner Leal de Moura
Marina de Deus Moura de Lima

Keywords:

Orthodontics, Malocclusion, Tooth, Deciduous, Socioeconomic Factors

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusion in the primary dentition of preschool children in a city of Brazilian Northeast. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 566 five-years-old preschool children who were enrolled in public and private preschools in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire administrated to parents/caregivers and clinical oral examination of the children was performed. Foster and Hamilton Index for primary teeth was used for the diagnosis of malocclusions. Descriptive analysis was carried out and Poisson regression was used to assesses the association with independent variables. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 51.2%. The most frequent types were Class II canines (17% and 16.8%), increased overjet (15.2%) and reduced overbite (14%). Anterior crossbite was present in 3.5% of the preschool children evaluated. There was an association between malocclusion and low family income (PR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01-1.47). Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in the primary dentition was high and associated with a low family income.

References

Sousa RV, Pinto-Monteiro AK, Martins CC, Granville-Garcia AF, Paiva SM. Malocclusion and socioeconomic indicators in primary dentition. Braz Oral Res 2014; 28:54-60. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242013005000032

Dimberg L, Arnrup K, Bondemark L. The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Eur J Orthod 2015; 37(3):238-47. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cju046

Zhou Z, Liu F, Shen S, Shang L, Shang L, Wang X. Prevalence of and factors affecting malocclusion in primary dentition among children in Xi’an, China. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16(1):91. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12903-016-0285-x

Fabian S, Gelbrich B, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Hirsch C. Impact of overbite and overjet on oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents. J Orofac Orthop 2018; 79(1):29-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-017-0114-0.

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Projeto SB Brasil 2010. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal: Resultados Principais. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2012. [In Portuguese]

Carvalho AC, Paiva SM, Scarpelli AC, Viegas CM, Ferreira FM, Pordeus IA. Prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition in a population-based sample of Brazilian preschool children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2011; 12(2):107-11.

Goettems ML, Azevedo MS, Correa MB, Costa CT, Wendt FP, Schuch HS, et al. Dental trauma occurrence and occlusal characteristics in Brazilian preschool children. Pediatr Dent 2012; 34(2):104-7.

Normando TS, Barroso RF, Normando D. Influence of the socioeconomic status on the prevalence of malocclusion in the primary dentition. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 20(1):74-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.20.1.074-078.oar

Góis EG, Vale MP, Paiva SM, Abreu MH, Serra-Negra JM, Pordeus IA. Incidence of malocclusion between primary and mixed dentitions among Brazilian children A 5-year longitudinal study. Angle Orthod 2012; 82(3):495-500. https://doi.org/ 10.2319/033011-230.1

Dimberg L, Lennartsson B, Arnrup K, Bondemark L. Prevalence and change of malocclusions from primary to early permanent dentition: a longitudinal study. Angle Orthod 2015; 85(5):728-34. https://doi.org/10.2319/080414-542.1

Peres KG, Peres MA, Thomson WM, Broadbent J, Hallal PC, Menezes AB. Deciduous-dentition malocclusion predicts orthodontic treatment needs later: findings from a population-based birth cohort study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 147(4):492-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.12.019

Silva Filho OG, Silva PRB, Rego MVNN, Silva FPL, Cavassan AO. Epidemiologia da má oclusão na dentadura decídua. Ortodontia 2002; 35(1):22-33. [In Portuguese]

Bauman JM, Souza JGS, Bauman CD, Flório FM. Epidemiological pattern of malocclusion in Brazilian preschoolers. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva 2018; 23(11):3861-68. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182311.24722016

Lentini-Oliveira D, Carvalho FR, Qingsong Y, Junjie L, Saconato H, Machado MA, et al. Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (2):CD005515. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005515.pub2

Batista KB, Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, O'Brien KD. Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003452. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003452.pub4

Agostino P, Ugolini A, Signori A, Silvestrini-Biavati A, Harrison JE, Riley P. Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; (8):CD000979. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000979.pub2

Monte-Santo AS, Viana SVC, Moreira KMS, Imparato JCP, Mendes FM, Bonini GAVC. Prevalence of early loss of primary molar and its impact in schoolchildren's quality of life. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28(6):595-601. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12416

Foster TD, Hamilton MC. Occlusion in the primary dentition: study of children at 2 ½ to 3 years of age. Br Dent J 1969; 21:76-9.

Amaral CC, Costa VPP, Azevedo MS, Pinheiro RT, Demarco FF, Goettems ML. Perinatal health and malocclusions in preschool children: findings from a cohort of adolescent mothers in Southern Brazil. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152(5):613-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.03.022

Organização Mundial da Saúde. Levantamento Epidemiológico em Saúde Bucal: Manual de Instruções. 4. ed. Genebra: OMS; 1997. [In Portuguese]

Feldens CA, Martins RP, Maciel RR, Vargas-Ferreira F, Kramer PF. Factors associated with the occurrence of distoclusion in the primary dentition: a hierarchical analysis. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016; 40(1):88-93. https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-40.1.88

Silva Filho OG, Cavassan AO, Rego MVNN, Silva PRB. Sucking habits and malocclusion: epidemiology in deciduos dentition. Rev Clin Ortodon Dental Press 2003; 2(5):57-74.

Warren JJ, Levy SM, Nowak AJ, Shenghui Tang MA. Non-nutritive sucking habits behaviors in preschool children: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Dent 2000; 22:187-91.

Heimer MV, Katz CR, Rosenblatt A. Non-nutritive sucking habits, dental malocclusions, and facial morphology in Brazilian children: a longitudinal study. Eur J Orthod 2008; 30(6):580-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjn035

Greenlee GM, Huang GJ, Chen SS, Chen J, Koepsell T, Hujoel P. Stability of treatment for anterior open-bite malocclusion: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139(2):154-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.10.019

Cozza P, Mucedero M, Baccetti T, Franchi L. Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion: a systematic review. Angle Orthod 2005; 75(5):707-13.

Borrie F, Bearn D. Early correction of anterior crossbites: a systematic review. J Orthod 2011; 38(3):175-84. https://doi.org/10.1179/14653121141443

Miamoto CB, Marques LS, Abreu LG, Paiva SM. Impact of two early treatment protocols for anterior dental crossbite on children's quality of life. Dental Press J Orthod 2018; 23(1):71-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.23.1.071-078.oar

Samohyl M, Nadazdyova A, Hirjak M, Hirosova K, Vondrova D, Argalasova L, et al. The analysis of selected malocclusion risk factors: a pilot study. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr 2017; 17(1):e3790. https://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2013.132.01

Doğramacı EJ, Rossi-Fedele G, Dreyer CW. Malocclusions in young children: does breast-feeding really reduce the risk? a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2017; 148(8):566-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2017/05.018

Doğramacı EJ, Rossi-Fedele G. Establishing the association between nonnutritive sucking behavior and malocclusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 147(12):926-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2016.08.018