Impact of Early Childhood Caries and Maternal Behaviors on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Children

Joanna Tatith  Pereira; Jessica Klöckner  Knorst; Patrícia Blaya  Luz; Inaiá  Bonfadini; Monique  Scapinello; Fernando Neves  Hugo; Fernando Borba  de Araujo

Authors

Joanna Tatith Pereira
Jessica Klöckner Knorst
Patrícia Blaya Luz
Inaiá Bonfadini
Monique Scapinello
Fernando Neves Hugo
Fernando Borba de Araujo

Keywords:

Dental Caries, Maternal Behavior, Quality of Life, Observational Study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the impact of early childhood caries, maternal behaviors and associated factors on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children. Material and Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted with 163 preschool children aged 3-4 old from Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Mothers completed the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and answered questions about sociodemographic and maternal behaviors characteristics. The severity of dental caries was assessed by ICDAS criteria for evaluated early childhood caries (ECC). A Poisson regression model was used to investigate the association of ECC and associated factors on OHRQoL. Results: A total of 91.4% of preschooler children was ECC (ICDAS ≥ 1). Mean ECOHIS function domain and parental anxiety domain scores were significantly higher in children with dental caries (p<0.05). The adjusted Poisson regression model showed that household income, maternal education, mother’s job status and breastfeeding time was significantly associated with ECOHIS scores. Regarding oral conditions, child caries experience was associated with worsening child and family quality of life (RR 2.21; 95% IC: 1.43-3.41). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ECC, socioeconomic and maternal behaviors characteristics influence children’s OHRQoL.

References

Gimenez T, Bispo BA, Souza DP, Viganó ME, Wanderley MT, Mendes FM, et al. Does the decline in caries prevalence of Latin American and Caribbean children continue in the new century? Evidence from systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11(10):e0164903. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164903

Frencken JE, Sharma P, Stenhouse L, Green D, Laverty D, Dietrich T. Global epidemiology of dental caries and severe periodontitis - a comprehensive review. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44(Suppl 18):S94-S105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12677

Pitts NB, Ramon RJ, Baez J, Diaz-Guillory C, Donly KJ, et al. Early Childhood Caries: IAPD Bangkok Declaration. J Dent Child 2019; 86(2):72.

Tinanoff N, Baez RJ, Guillory CD, Donly JK, Feldens CA, McGrath C, et al. Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: global perspective. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29(3):238-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12484

Lotto M, Strieder AP, Ayala Aguirre PE, Andrade Moreira Machado MA, Rios D, et al. Parental perspectives on early childhood caries: a qualitative study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12622

Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W. Global burden of untreated caries: a systematic review and metaregression. J Dent Res 2015; 94(5):650-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515573272

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal. SB Brasil 2010. Resultados Principais. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011; 92pp. [In Portuguese].

Pahel BT, Rozier RG, Slade GD. Parental perceptions of children's oral health: the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2007; 5:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-6

Oliveira LB, Sheiham A, Bonecker M. Exploring the association of dental caries with social factors and nutritional status in Brazilian preschool children. Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116(1):37-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00507.x.

Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Mendes FM, Wanderley MT, Bonecker M, Raggio DP. Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39(2):105-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00580.x

de Amorim RG, Figueiredo MJ, Leal SC, Mulder J, Frencken JE. Caries experience in a child population in a deprived area of Brazil, using ICDAS II. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 16(2):513-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0528-9

Guedes RS, Piovesan C, Antunes JL, Mendes FM, Ardenghi TM. Assessing individual and neighborhood social factors in child oral health-related qualityof life: a multilevel analysis. Qual Life Res 2014; 23(9):2521-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0690-z

Chaffee BW, Rodrigues PH, Kramer PF, Vítolo MR, Feldens CA. Oral health-related quality-of-life scores differ by socioeconomic status and caries experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45(3):216-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12279

Locker D, Aleen F. What do measures of 'oral health-related quality of life' measure? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35(6):401-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00418.x

Sischo L, Broder HL. Oral health-related quality of life: what, why, how, and future implications. J Dent Res 2011; 90(11):1264-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034511399918

McGrath C, Broder H, Wilson-Genderson M. Assessing the impact of oral health on the life quality of children: implications for research and practice. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004; 32(2):81-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00149.x

Kramer PF, Feldens CA, Ferreira SH, Bervian J, Rodrigues PH, Peres MA. Exploring the impact of oral diseases and disorders on quality of life of preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013; 41(4):327-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12035

Goettems ML, Ardenghi TM, Romano AR, Demarco FF, Torriani DD. Influence of maternal dental anxiety on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children. Qual Life Res 2011; 20(6):951-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-010-9816-0

Scarpelli AC, Oliveira BH, Tesch FC, Leao AT, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). BMC Oral Health 2011; 11:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-11-19

Correa-Faria P, Paixao-Goncalves S, Paiva SM, Martins-Junior PA, Vieira-Andrade RG, Marques LS, et al. Dental caries, but not malocclusion or developmental defects, negatively impacts preschoolers' quality of life. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26(3):211-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12190

Knorst JK, Menegazzo GR, Emmanuelli B, Mendes FM, Ardenghi TM. Effect of neighborhood and individual social capital in early childhood on oral health-related quality of life: a 7-year cohort study. Qual Life Res 2019; 28(7):1773- 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02138-4

Skeie MS, Espelid I, Riordan PJ, Klock KS. Caries increment in children aged 3-5 years in relation to parents' dental attitudes: Oslo, Norway 2002 to 2004. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2008; 36(5):441-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2008.00430.x

Begzati A, Bytyci A, Meqa K, Latifi-Xhemajli B, Berisha M. Mothers' behaviours and knowledge related to caries experience of their children. Oral Health Prev Dent 2014; 12(2):133-40. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a31667

Yang AJ, Gromoske AN, Olson MA, Chaffin JG. Single and cumulative relations of social risk factors with children's dental health and care - utilization within regions of the United States. Matern Child Health J 2016; 20(3):495-506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1847-2

de Paula JS, Sarracini KL, Meneghim MC, Pereira AC, Ortega EM, Martins NS, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of the impact of dental caries treatment on oral health-related quality of life among schoolchildren. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123(3):173-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12188

Holst D, Schuller AA. Oral health in a life-course: birth-cohorts from 1929 to 2006 in Norway. Community Dent Health 2012; 29(2):134-43.

Ferreira SH, Beria JU, Kramer PF, Feldens EG, Feldens CA. Dental caries in 0- to 5-year-old Brazilian children: prevalence, severity, and associated factors. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007; 17(4):289-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00831.x

Martins-Junior PA, Ramos-Jorge J, Paiva SM, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML. Validations of the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Cad Saúde Pública 2012; 28(2):367-74. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2012000200015

Tesch FC, Oliveira BH, Leao A. Semantic equivalence of the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale. Cad Saúde Pública 2008; 24(8):1897-1909. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008000800018

Delgado C, Matijasevich A. Breastfeeding up to two years of age or beyond and its influence on child growth and development: a systematic review. Cad Saúde Pública 2013; 29(2):243-56. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2013000200012

Pitts N. "ICDAS"--an international system for caries detection and assessment being developed to facilitate caries epidemiology, research and appropriate clinical management. Community Dent Health 2004; 21(3):193-8.

Mendes FM, Braga MM, Oliveira LB, Antunes JL, Ardenghi TM, Bonecker M. Discriminant validity of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and comparability with World Health Organization criteria in a cross-sectional study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38(5):398-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00557.x

Traebert J, Marcon KB, Lacerda JT. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and associated factors in schoolchildren of Palhoca, Santa Catarina State. Cien Saúde Coletiva 2010; 15(Suppl 1):1849-55. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000700098

Grabowski R, Stahl F, Gaebel M, Kundt G. Relationship between occlusal findings and orofacial myofunctional status in primary and mixed dentition. Part I: Prevalence of malocclusions. J Orofac Orthop 2007; 68(1):26-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-007-1606-0

Scarpelli AC, Paiva SM, Viegas CM, Carvalho AC, Ferreira FM, Pordeus IA. Oral health-related quality of life among Brazilian preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013; 41(4):336-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12022

Ramos-Jorge J, Pordeus IA, Ramos-Jorge ML, Marques LS, Paiva SM. Impact of untreated dental caries on quality of life of preschool children: different stages and activity. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2014; 42(4):311-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12086

Guedes RS, Ardenghi TM, Piovesan C, Emmanuelli B, Mendes FM. Influence of initial caries lesions on quality of life in preschool children: a 2-year cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 44(3):292-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12217

Sheiham A. Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. Br Dent J 2006; 201(10):625-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4814259

Ortiz FR, Tomazoni F, Oliveira MD, Piovesan C, Mendes F, Ardenghi, TM. Toothache, associated factors, and its impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in preschool children. Braz Dent J 2014; 25(6):546-53. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302439

Pesaressi E, Villena RS, Frencken JE. Dental caries and oral health-related quality of life of 3-year-olds living in Lima, Peru. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30(1):57-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12582

Gomes MC, Pinto-Sarmento TC, Costa EM, Martins CC, Granville-Garcia AF, Paiva SM. Impact of oral health conditions on the quality of life of preschool children and their families: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Out 2014; 12:55. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-55

Tinanoff N, Reisine S. Update on early childhood caries since the Surgeon General's Report. Acad Pediat 2009; 9(6):396-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2009.08.006

de Paula JS, Leite IC, de Almeida AB, Ambrosano GM, Mialhe FL. The impact of socioenvironmental characteristics on domains of oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian schoolchildren. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-13-10

Castilho AR, Mialhe FL, Barbosa Tde S, Puppin-Rontani RM. Influence of family environment on children's oral health: a systematic review. J Pediatr 2013; 89(2):116-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.014.

Guedes RS, Piovesan C, Ardenghi TM, Emmanuelli B, Braga MM, Mendes FM. Presence of initial caries lesions as a risk factor for caries in preschool children: a cohort study. Caries Res 2018; 52(1-2):32-41. https://doi.org/10.1159/000479824