Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis

Pablo Alejandro Millones  Gómez; Margarita Fe Requena  Mendizábal; Roger Damaso Calla  Poma; Tania Valentina Rosales  Cifuentes; Federico Martin Malpartida  Quispe; Dora Jesús Maurtua  Torres; Reyma Evelyn Bacilio  Amaranto; Carlos Alberto Minchón  Medina; Lusin Antonio Ponce  Contreras

Authors

Pablo Alejandro Millones Gómez
Margarita Fe Requena Mendizábal
Roger Damaso Calla Poma
Tania Valentina Rosales Cifuentes
Federico Martin Malpartida Quispe
Dora Jesús Maurtua Torres
Reyma Evelyn Bacilio Amaranto
Carlos Alberto Minchón Medina
Lusin Antonio Ponce Contreras

Keywords:

Psidium, Biofilms, Gram-Negative Bacteria

Abstract

Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii(p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion.

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