Age-Related Pattern of Dental Trauma in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution
Keywords:
Tooth Injuries, Tooth Fractures, Tooth Avulsion, Age GroupsAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the pattern of traumatic dental injuries among children, adolescents, and adults. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study of children and adults who presented with dental trauma. Data utilized for this study were sociodemographic characteristics, history of the traumatic incident, presenting complaints, traumatized teeth and classification of the traumatized tissues using Ellis and Davey’s classification. Results: A total of 163 participants with 307 traumatized teeth were included in the study. The participants' age ranged from 2 years to 75 years, with a mean age of 25.36 ±15.4 years. Children <10 years were the least represented (14.7%), adolescents 10-19 years accounted for 23.9%., young adults 20 to 40 years were the most represented (44.8%) and older adults >40 years (16.6%). A higher proportion of the study participants were female 83 (50.9%) and the most prevalent complaint was broken teeth (57.1%) The most prevalent aetiology of the trauma documented was fall (36.2%). The most prevalent injury type was extended crown fracture with noticeable dentinal involvement without pulp exposure. There was a statistically significant association between injury type, aetiology and age group. Conclusion: Traumatic dental injuries affect children, adolescents and adults alike. The central incisors were the most vulnerable teeth across all age groups. Age was significantly associated with the etiology of dental trauma and injury type.References
Al-Jundi SH. Dental emergencies presenting to a dental teaching hospital due to complications from traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2002; 18(4):181-5. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.02081.x
Ligali TO, Folayan MO, Sheiham A. Assessment of time taken to treat dental trauma in Nigerian children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011; 12(1):37-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262777
Ravindranath S, Andiesta NS, Abbas Hasan Z, Chong JA, Pau A. Patterns of dental trauma in children presenting in Hospital based dental clinics: A review. Dent Health Curr Res 2016; 2:1-6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2470-0886.1000108
Otuyemi OD, Segun-Ojo IO, Adegboye AA. Traumatic anterior dental injuries in Nigerian preschool children. East Afr Med J 1996; 73(9):604-6.
Mohammed BI, Umeano CA, Chukwumah NM. A six-year appraisal of oral diseases and treatment of children attending a tertiary health institution in Benin-City Nigeria. Nig Hosp Pract 2018; 21(4-6):63-70.
Enabulele JE, Oginni AO, Sede MA, Oginni FO. Pattern of traumatized anterior teeth among adult Nigerians and complications from late presentation. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-1871-3
Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Fardani A, Faezeh E. An investigation into the association between facial profile and maxillary incisor trauma, a clinical non-radiographic study. Dent Traumatol 2010; 26(5):403-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00920.x
Forsberg CM, Tedestam G. Etiological and predisposing factors related to traumatic injuries to permanent teeth. Swed Dent J 1993; 17(5):183-90.
Burden DJ. An investigation of the association between overjet size, lip coverage and traumatic injury to the maxillary incisors. Eur J Orthod 1995; 17(6):513-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/17.6.513
Otuyemi OD. Traumatic anterior dental injuries related to incisor overjet and lip competence in 12-year-old Nigerian children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1994; 4(2):81-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263x.1994.tb00109.x
Petti S, Tarsitani G. Traumatic injuries to anterior teeth in Italian schoolchildren: prevalence and risk factors. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996; 12(6):294-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1996.tb00530.x
Hunter ML, Hunter B, Kingdon A, Addy M, Dummer PM, Shaw WC. Traumatic injury to maxillary incisor teeth in a group of South Wales school children. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990; 6(6):260-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00429.x
A˚ rtun J, Behbehani F, Al-Jame B, Kerosuo H. Incisor trauma in an adolescent Arab population: prevalence, severity, and occlusal risk factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 128(3):347-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.06.032
Enabulele JE, Uzamere E. Characterization of the occlusal traits of adults with dental trauma in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Int J Dent Sci 2019; 1:18-23.
Eslamipour F, Iranmanesh P, Borzabadi-Farahani A. Cross-sectional study of dental trauma and associated factors among 9-to14-year-old school children in Isfahan Iran. Oral health Prev Dent 2016; 14(5):452-7. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a36522
Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A. The association between orthodontic treatment need and maxillary incisor trauma, a retrospective clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 112(6):e75-e80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.024
Marcenes W, al Beiruti N, Tayfour D, Issa S. Epidemiology of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of 9- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in Damascus, Syria. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15(3):117-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00767.x
Glendor U. Aetiology and risk factors related to traumatic dental injuries- a review of the literature. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25(1):19-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00694.x
Guedes OA, de Alencar AHG, Pecora JD, Lopes LG, Pecora JD, Estrela C. A retrospective study of traumatic dental injuries in a Brazilian dental urgency service. Braz Dent J 2010; 21(2):153-157. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402010000200011
Chukwumah NM, Ehizele AO. Traumatic dental injuries in children: The experience of a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Nig J Dent Res 2017; 2(1):26-32.
Glendor U. Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries- a 12-year review of the literature. Dent Traumatol 2008; 24(6):603-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00696.x
Lopez D, Waidyatillake N, Zaror C, Marino R. Impact of uncomplicated traumatic dental injuries on the quality of life of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:224. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0916-0
El-Kalla IH, Shalan HM, Bakr RA. Impact of dental trauma on quality of life among 11-14 years old schoolchildren. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8(4):538-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_428_17
Freire-Maia FB, Auad SM, de Abreu MHNG, Sardenberg F, Martins MT, Paiva SM et al. Oral health related quality of life and traumatic dental injuries in young permanent incisors in Brazilian school children: a multilevel approach. PLoS One 2015; 10(8):e0135269. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135369
Lam R. Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic dental injuries: a review of the literature. Aust Dent J 2016; 61(51):4-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12395
Ogordi PU, Ize-Iyamu IN, Adeniyi EO. Prevalence of traumatic dental injury to the anterior teeth in children attending paramilitary and nonparamilitary schools in Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2019; 18(2):80-5. https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_27_18
Ellis RG, Davey KW. The classification and treatment of injuries to the teeth of children. 5th. ed. Chicago: Year Book Publishers; 1970. p. 56-199.
World Health Organisation Consolidated ARV guidelines 2013. Available from: https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/arv2013/intro/keyterms/en/. [Accessed on August 29, 2020].
Rajab LD. Traumatic dental injuries in children presenting for treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, 1997-2000. Dent Traumatol 2003; 19:6-11. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2003.00131.x
Traebert J, Peres MA, Blank V, Boell RS, Pietruza JA. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and associated factors among 12-year-old school children in Florianópolis, Brazil. Dent Traumatol 2003; 19(1):15-8. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2003.00138.x
Dua R, Sharma S. Prevalence, causes and correlates of traumatic dental injuries among seven=to-twelve-year-old school children in Dera Bassi. Contemp Clin Dent 2012; 3(1):38-41. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.94544
Enabulele JE, Ibhawoh LO. Reasons for seeking dental treatment following trauma to anterior teeth among adults in a low-income economy. Caliphate Med J 2013; 1(2):77-83.
Enabulele JE, Mohammed BE. Socio-demographic distribution of adult patients who seek oral health treatment following trauma to anterior teeth. J Trauma Care 2017; 3(1):1017.
Malak CA, Chakar C, Romanos A, Rachidi S. Prevalence and etiological factors of dental trauma among 12- and 15-year old schoolchildren of Lebanon: A national study. Sci World J 2021; 2021:5587431. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587431
Bjur PE, Trumble A, Harel Y, Overpeck MD, Jones D, Scheidt PC. Sports and recreation injuries in US children and adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149(9):1009-16. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170220075010
Scott N, Thomson WM, Cathro P. Traumatic dental injuries among New Zealanders: findings from a national oral health survey. Dent Traumatol 2020; 36(1):25-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12505
Kikwilu EN, Masalu JR, Kahabuka FK, Senkoro AR. Prevalence of oral pain and barriers to use of emergency oral care facilities among adult Tanzanians. BMC Oral Health 2008; 8:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-8-28
Kovacs M, Pacurar M, Petcu B, Bukhari C. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in children who attended two dental clinics in Targu Mures between 2003 and 2011. Oral Health Dent Manag 2012; 11(3):116-24.
Noori AJ, Al-Obaidi WA. Traumatic dental injuries among primary school children in Sulaimani City, Iraq. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25(4):442-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00791.x
Ramagoni NK, Singamaneni VK, Rao SR, Karthikeyan J. Sports dentistry: A review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2014; 4(Suppl 3):S139-S146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.149019
Kaba AD, Marechaux SC. A fourteen year follow up study of traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition. ASDC J Dent Child 1989; 56(6):417-25.
Jokic NI, Bakarcic D, Fugosic V, Majstorovic M, Skrinjaric I. Dental trauma in children and young adults visiting a University Dental Clinic. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25(1):84-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00711.x
Lauridsen E, Herman N, Gerds T, Kreiborg S, Andreasen JO. Pattern of traumatic dental injuries in the permanent dentition among children, adolescents and adults. Dent Traumatol 2012; 28(5):358-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01133.x
Caldas AF, Burgos ME. A retrospective study of traumatic dental injuries in a Brazilian dental trauma clinic. Dent Traumatol 2001; 17(6):250-3. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2001.170602.x
Juneja P, Kulkarni S, Raje S. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and their relation with predisposing factors among 8-15 years old school children of Indore city, India. Clujul Med 2018; 91(3):328-35. https://doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-898
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
