Early Childhood Caries in a Northeastern Brazilian Capital: Observations of Social Distinct Daycare Centers

Nayre Maria Lauande Rapôso; Gabriele Andrade-Maia; Meire Coelho Ferreira; Marco Aurélio Benini Paschoal

Authors

Nayre Maria Lauande Rapôso
Gabriele Andrade-Maia
Meire Coelho Ferreira
Marco Aurélio Benini Paschoal

Keywords:

Oral Health, Dental Caries, Pediatric Dentistry

Abstract

Objective: To investigate factors associated with the experience of dental caries in children in early childhood in two socially distinct centers in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two socially distinct daycare centers (private and public). The children were assessed regarding their caries experience, and their parents/guardians were prepared regarding socioeconomic information, parents/guardians' habits, and children's habits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Association tests and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze independent variables and outcomes (type of daycare center and caries experience) using a p-value of 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 89 children aged up to 5 years of both sexes. The type of daycare center was associated with some socioeconomic data, such as family income (p<0.01) and parents' education (p=0.05). Data on oral hygiene and children's habits, such as breastfeeding, also remained associated with the type of daycare center. There was an association between income and DMFT (PR=8.48 - 95%CI 2.26;31.78). Conclusion: The socioeconomic profile of parents/guardians and breastfeeding were associated with the prevalence of caries in deciduous teeth in children aged 10 to 48 months.

References

Chaffee BW, Rodrigues PH, Kramer PF, Vítolo MR, Feldens CA. Oral health-related quality-of-life scores differ by socioeconomic status and caries experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45(3):216-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12279

Gerritsen AE, Allen PF, Witter DJ, Bronkhorst EM, Creugers NH. Tooth loss and oral health-related quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2010; 8:126. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-126

Sun L, Wong HM, McGrath CP. Relationship between the severity of malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Health Prev Dent 2017; 15(6):503-517. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a38994

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Projeto SB Brasil 2010. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal. Resultados Principais. Brasília; 2012. [In Portuguese].

Jin LJ, Lamster IB, Greenspan JS, Pitts NB, Scully C, Warnakulasuriya S. Global burden of oral diseases: Emerging concepts, management and interplay with systemic health. Oral Dis 2016; 22(7):609-619. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12428

Pitts N, Baez R, Diaz-Guallory C, Donly KJ, Feldens CA, McGrath C, et al. Early childhood caries: IAPD Bangkok declaration. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:384-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12490

Ardenghi TM, Piovesan C, Antunes JLF. Inequalities in untreated dental caries prevalence in preschool children in Brazil. Rev Saúde Públ 2013; 47:129-137.

Montes GR, Bonotto DV, Ferreira FM, Menezes JVNB, Fraiz FC. Caregiver’s oral health literacy is associated with prevalence of untreated dental caries in preschool children. Ciênc Saúde Colet 2019; 24(7):2737-2744. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018247.18752017

Tinanoff N, Baez RJ, Diaz Guillory C, Donly KJ, Feldens CA, McGrath C, et al. Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29(3):238-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12484

Bastos TF, Medina LPB, Sousa NFS, Lima MG, Malta DC, Barros MBA. Income inequalities in oral health and access to dental services in the Brazilian population: National Health Survey 2013. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2019; 22(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190015.supl.2

Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. Lancet 2007; 369(9555):51-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2

Abreu LG, Elyasi M, Badri P, Paiva SM, Flores-Mir C, Amin M. Factors associated with the development of dental caries in children and adolescents in studies employing the life course approach: a systematic review. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123(5):305-311. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12206

Peres MA, Latorre MRDO, Sheiham A, Peres KG, Barros FC, Hernandez PG, et al. Determinantes sociais e biológicos da cárie dentária em crianças de 6 anos de idade: Um estudo transversal aninhado numa coorte de nascidos vivos no Sul do Brasil. Res Bras Epidemiol 2003; 6(4):293-306. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x2003000400004 [In Portuguese].

Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oziegbe EO, Oyedele TA, Agbaje HO, Onjejaka NK et al. Association between family structure and oral health of children with mixed dentition in suburban Nigeria. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2017, 35(2):134-142. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.206034

Lopes RT, Neves ÉTB, Gomes MC, Paiva SM, Ferreira FM, Granville-Garcia AF. Family structure, sociodemographic factors and type of dental service associated with oral health literacy in the early adolescence. Cien Saude Colet 2021; 26(Suppl 3):5241-5250. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320212611.3.34782019

Aida J, Ando Y, Oosaka M, Niimi K, Morita M. Contributions of social context to inequality in dental caries: A multilevel analysis of Japanese 3-year-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2008; 36(2):149-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00380.x

Saldiva SRD, Venancio SI, Santana AC, Castro ALS, Escuder MML, Giugliani ERJ. The consumption of unhealthy foods by Brazilian children is influenced by their mother’s educational level. Nutr J 2014; 13(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-33

Jaime PC, Prado RR, Malta DC. Family influence on the consumption of sugary drinks by children under two years old. Revista de Saúde Public 2017; 51:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051000038

Saravanan S, Kalyani V, Vijayarani MP, Jayakodi P, Felix J, Arunmozhi P, et al. Caries prevalence and treatment needs of rural school children in Chidambaram Taluk, Tamil Nadu, South India. Indian J Dent Res 2008; 19(3):186-190. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.42948

Nakayama Y, Mori M. Association between nocturnal breastfeeding and snacking habits and the risk of early childhood caries in 18-to 23-month-old Japanese children. J Epidemiol 2015; 25(2):142-147. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20140097

Touger-Decker R, van Loveren C. Sugars and dental caries. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78(4):881S-892S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.4.881S

Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R. Caries and its association with infant feeding and oral health-related behaviours in 3-4-year-old Brazilian children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000; 28(4):241-248. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.280401.x

Feldens CA, Giugliani ERJ, Vigo Á, Vítolo MR. Early feeding practices and severe early childhood caries in four-year-old children from southern Brazil: A birth cohort study. Caries Res 2010; 44(5):445-452. https://doi.org/10.1159/000319898

Borges HC, Garbín CAS, Saliba O, Saliba NA, Moimaz SAS. Socio-behavioral factors influence prevalence and severity of dental caries in children with primary dentition. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26(6):564-570. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242012000600013

Sogi HS, Hugar SM, Nalawade TM, Sinha A, Hugar S, Mallikarjuna RM. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health care in prevention of early childhood caries among parents of children in Belagavi city: A Questionnaire study. J Family Med Prim Care 2016; 5(2):286-290. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.192332

Arora A, Schwarz E, Blinkhorn AS. Risk factors for early childhood caries in disadvantaged populations. J Investing Clin Dent 2011; 2(4):223-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00070.x

Li Y, Zhang YE, Yang R, Zhang Q, Zou J, Kang D. Associations of social and behavioural factors with early childhood caries in Xiamen city in China. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011; 21(2):103-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2010.01093.x

Awooda EM, Saeed SM, Elbasir EI. Caries prevalence among 3-5 years old children in Khartoum State- Sudan. IJMSIR 2013; 3(2):42-44.

Fernandes IB, Pereira TS, Souza DS, Ramos-Jorge J, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML. Severity of dental caries and quality of life for toddlers and their families. Pediatr Dent 2017; 39(2):118-123.

Pinto GDS, Azevedo MS, Goettems ML, Correa MB, Pinheiro RT, Demarco FF. Are maternal factors predictors for early childhood caries? Results from a cohort in Southern Brazil. Braz Dent J 2017; 28(3):391-397. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201601047

de Silva AM, Hegde S, Akudo Nwagbara B, Calache H, Gussy MG, Nasser M, et al. Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 9(9):CD009837. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009837.pub2

Barakat C, Konstantinidis T. A Review of the relationship between socioeconomic status change and health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20(13):6249. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2013624

World Health Organization. Global oral health status report: Towards universal health coverage for oral health by 2030. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2023.

Ricomini FAP, Chávez BA, Giacaman RA, Frazão P, Cury JA. Community interventions and strategies for caries control in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e054. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0054

Yeung CA. A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of fluoridation. Evid Based Dent 2008; 9(2):39-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.640057