Analysis of the Phobia of Brushing Teeth in High School Students in Palopo City, Indonesia During COVID-19

Authors

  • Ayub Irmadani Anwar
  • Selviawaty Sarifuddin Panna
  • Deliyana I. Katili
  • Irwan Irwan
  • Edy Julianto

Keywords:

Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms, Dental Anxiety, Students, Coronavirus Infections

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the phobia and social anxiety of brushing their teeth among high school students in Palopo City, Indonesia, during COVID-19. Material and Methods: Social phobia was obtained with the MINI-Spin questionnaire and anxiety with the GAD-7 questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions with a Likert scale. Primary data type with logistic regression analysis. Results: The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that men are more likely to brush their teeth twice a day than women (OR=2.01; 95% CI 1.3-2.9). Subjects who reported not having social phobia were not significantly (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.6-1.4) more likely to brush their teeth twice a day than those who tended to have social phobia. Subjects who reported no significant anxiety (OR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-1.5) were more likely to brush their teeth twice a day than those who tended to have anxiety. Conclusion: The frequency of brushing teeth in students who do not have a relationship is more likely to brush their teeth twice a day than students who tend to have phobias and social anxiety. Regarding the relationship between brushing teeth frequency and gender criteria, there is a relationship between female students brushing their teeth twice a day more often than male students during COVID-19.

References

Cullen W, Gulati G, Kelly BD. Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. Qjm 2020; 113(5):311-312. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110

Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr 2020; 33(2):e100213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213

Ahn E, Hwang J-M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tooth brushing and handwashing of adolescents: A secondary analayis of the Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey (2019∼2020). J Dent Hyg Sci 2022; 22(3):171-179. https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2022.22.3.171

Jung EH, Min JH. Effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on oral health of Korean adolescents. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21(2):475-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12669

Sun Q, Ren H, Bian Y, Xie Y, Shi H. Psychological factors and oral health during initial outbreak of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2023; 51(2):3000605231152108. https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605231152108

Pohjola V, Nurkkala M, Virtanen JI. Psychological distress, oral health behaviour and related factors among adolescents: Finnish School Health Promotion Study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01357-3

Hung M, Moffat R, Gill G, Lauren E, Ruiz-Negrón B, Rosales MN, et al. Oral health as a gateway to overall health and well-being: Surveillance of the geriatric population in the United States. Spec Care Dentist 2019; 39(4):354-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12385

Goodwin GM. The overlap between anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2015; 17(3):249-260. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/ggoodwin

Honkala S, Honkala E, Newton T, Rimpelä A. Toothbrushing and smoking among adolescents--Aggregation of health damaging behaviours. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38(5):442-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01709.x

Bunnell BE, Joseph DL, Beidel DC. Measurement invariance of the social phobia and anxiety inventory. J Anxiety Disord 2013; 27(1):84-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.09.001

Eaton WW, Bienvenu OJ, Miloyan B. Specific phobias. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5(8):678-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30169-x

Rudaz M, Ledermann T, Margraf J, Becker ES, Craske MG. The moderating role of avoidance behavior on anxiety over time: Is there a difference between social anxiety disorder and specific phobia? PLoS One 2017; 12(7):e0180298. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180298

Ogundele MO. Behavioural and emotional disorders in childhood: A brief overview for paediatricians. World J Clin Pediatr 2018; 7(1):9-26. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v7.i1.9

Koivusilta L, Honkala S, Honkala E, Rimpelä A. Toothbrushing as part of the adolescent lifestyle predicts education level. J Dent Res 2003; 82(5):361-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910308200507

Maes L, Vereecken C, Vanobbergen J, Honkala S. Tooth brushing and social characteristics of families in 32 countries. Int Dent J 2006; 56(3):159-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2006.tb00089.x

Decke S, Deckert K, Lang M, Laub O, Loidl V, Schwettmann L, et al. "We're in good hands there." - Acceptance, barriers and facilitators of a primary care-based health coaching programme for children and adolescents with mental health problems: A qualitative study (PrimA-QuO). BMC Fam Pract 2020; 21(1):273. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-020-01344-1

Day C, Briskman J, Crawford MJ, Foote L, Harris L, Boadu J, et al. An intervention for parents with severe personality difficulties whose children have mental health problems: A feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24(14):1-188. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta24140

Remes O, Brayne C, van der Linde R, Lafortune L. A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations. Brain Behav 2016; 6(7):e00497. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.497

Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166(10):1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092

Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Oral health behaviour and social and health factors in university students from 26 low, middle and high income countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11(12):12247-12260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212247

Keles ZH, Sancakli HS. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and behaviour on oral health through COVID-19 pandemic. Meandros Med Dent J 2020; 21:222-231. https://doi.org/10.4274/meandros.galenos.2020.60352

Girão Júnior FJ, Valadas LAR, Bottenberg P, Lotif MAL, Rodrigues Neto EM, Fonseca SGDC, et al. Salivary fluoride bioavailability after brushing with Brazilian red propolis dentifrice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022; 2022:6148137. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6148137

Yang R, Tang T, Wu S, Wu L, Lei L, Li H. Self-reported oral health habits, knowledge and conditions of schoolchildren and adolescents in mainland China. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 47(3):96-102. https://doi.org/10.22514/jocpd.2023.017

Kristiana L, Paramita A, Andarwati P, Maryani H. Posisi Relatif Provinsi di Indonesia Berdasarkan Penggunaan Pengobatan Tradisional: Analisis Komponen Utama Biplot. Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan 2020; 23(3):178-187. https://doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v23i3.3244 [In Indonesian].

Ayuningtyas D, Rayhani M. Analisis situasi kesehatan mental pada masyarakat di Indonesia dan strategi penanggulangannya. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 2018; 9(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2018.9.1.1-10 [In Indonesian].

Kobayashi D, Takahashi O, Shimbo T. Frequency of daily tooth brushing and development of any type of malignancy. Anticancer Res 2019; 39(8):4415-4421. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.13613

Tanner T, Päkkilä J, Karjalainen K, Kämppi A, Järvelin MR, Patinen P, et al. Smoking, alcohol use, socioeconomic background and oral health among young Finnish adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 43(5):406-414. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12163

Chhabra N, Chhabra A. Parental knowledge, attitudes and cultural beliefs regarding oral health and dental care of preschool children in an Indian population: A quantitative study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 13(2):76-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03262848

Bright MA, Alford SM, Hinojosa MS, Knapp C, Fernandez-Baca DE. Adverse childhood experiences and dental health in children and adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 43(3):193-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12137

Scrine C, Durey A, Slack-Smith L. Providing oral care for adults with mental health disorders: Dental professionals' perceptions and experiences in Perth, Western Australia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 47(1):78-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12427

Underwood B, Birdsall J, Kay E. The use of a mobile app to motivate evidence-based oral hygiene behaviour. Br Dent J 2015; 219(4):E2. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.660

Downloads

Published

2024-06-24

How to Cite

Anwar, A. I., Panna, S. S., Katili, D. I., Irwan, I., & Julianto, E. (2024). Analysis of the Phobia of Brushing Teeth in High School Students in Palopo City, Indonesia During COVID-19. Pesquisa Brasileira Em Odontopediatria E Clínica Integrada, 24, e220083. Retrieved from https://revista.uepb.edu.br/PBOCI/article/view/3507

Issue

Section

Original Articles