Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bruxism in Children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

Arine Alcoforado Amorim; Maria Claudia de Freitas Lima; Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva; Samara Kelly da Silva Cavalcante; Ellaine Doris Fernandes Carvalho; Fernanda Araújo Sampaio; Maria Denise Fernandes Carvalho de Andrade; Phillipe Nogueira Barbosa Alencar; Maysa Luna de Souza; Letícia Tavares de Oliveira; Isabella Fernandes Carvalho

Authors

Arine Alcoforado Amorim
Maria Claudia de Freitas Lima
Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
Samara Kelly da Silva Cavalcante
Ellaine Doris Fernandes Carvalho
Fernanda Araújo Sampaio
Maria Denise Fernandes Carvalho de Andrade
Phillipe Nogueira Barbosa Alencar
Maysa Luna de Souza
Letícia Tavares de Oliveira
Isabella Fernandes Carvalho

Keywords:

Bruxism, Microcephaly, Zika virus

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of possible sleep and awake bruxism and its related risk factors in children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome. Material and Methods: The case group consists of 20 children with congenital Zika, age range from 5 to 6 years old, and the control group consists of 120 regular children of the same age group. A questionnaire was used to assess bruxism and associate possible risk factors such as medications, systemic disorders, and sleep relationships, and a validated Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) was applied. Absolute and percentage frequencies of each outcome variable and mean and standard deviation of each item of the OBC questionnaire were calculated, respectively, compared between case and control groups using Fisher's exact or Pearson's chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Only 25% of the children with microcephaly do not present swallowing difficulty, significantly lower compared to the 95.8% of the children in the control group who do not (p<0.001). The occurrence of bruxism was significantly higher in the case group (47.4%) compared to the control group (10.2%). In addition, 89.8% of children did not grind their teeth in the control group, compared to only 52.6% in the case group. There was a statistically significant difference between the case and control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Dysphagia, feeding routes, and reflux in children with cerebral palsy are risk factors for possible awake bruxism, and children with congenital Zika virus syndrome showed a prevalence for possible bruxism compared to regular children.

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