Analysis of the Cytotoxic Effects in Removable Dentures Fabricated Using Two Different Processing Techniques: An Observational Comparative Study

Hemashree Emayavarman; Kiran Kumar Pandurangan; Anusha Kanniappan Sathiamurthy; Shanmuganathan Natrajan; Kaligotla Apoorva Vasundhara; Maria Maddalena Marrapodi; Marco Cicciù; Giuseppe Minervini

Authors

Hemashree Emayavarman
Kiran Kumar Pandurangan
Anusha Kanniappan Sathiamurthy
Shanmuganathan Natrajan
Kaligotla Apoorva Vasundhara
Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
Marco Cicciù
Giuseppe Minervini

Keywords:

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Acrylic Resins, Polymethyl Methacrylate

Abstract

Objective: To compare the cytotoxicity of polymethyl methacrylate dentures fabricated through compression molded and injection molded processing techniques. Material and Methods: The injection-molded group utilized IVOCAP resin, while the compression-molded group used DPI heat-cure resin. Twenty patients were selected and divided into two groups of ten. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from each patient pre-insertion and three months post-insertion of the dentures. The micronucleus assay was used to determine cytotoxicity. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, while intragroup comparisons were carried out using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The intergroup comparison demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the dimensions of micronuclei measured post-smear (p=0.027). The group using the compression molding technique had higher mean values of micronuclei (24.2 ± 7.6) than the injection-molded technique. Intragroup comparisons conducted with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a highly significant difference between pre-smear and post-smear values in both groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Injection-molded dentures demonstrated significantly lower cytotoxicity than those fabricated using the compression-molding technique.

References

Tsuchiya H, Hoshino Y, Tajima K, Takagi N. Leaching and cytotoxicity of formaldehyde and methyl methacrylate from acrylic resin denture base materials. J Prosthet Dent 1994; 71(6):618-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(94)90448-0

Vallittu PK, Ruyter IE, Buykuilmaz S. Effect of polymerization temperature and time on the residual monomer content of denture base polymers. Eur J Oral Sci 1998; 106(1):588-593. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0909-8836.1998.eos106109.x

Parvizi A, Lindquist T, Schneider R, Williamson D, Boyer D, Dawson DV. Comparison of the dimensional accuracy of injection‐molded denture base materials to that of conventional pressure‐pack acrylic resin. J Prosthodont 2004; 13(2):83-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2004.04014.x

Sadamori S, Kotani H, Hamada T. The usage period of dentures and their residual monomer contents. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 68(2):374-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(92)90349-f

Koda T, Tsuchiya H, Yamauchi M, Ohtani S, Takagi N, Kawano J. Leachability of denture-base acrylic resins in artificial saliva. Dent Mater 1990; 6(1):13-16. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0109-5641(90)90037-f

Garfunkel E. Evaluation of dimensional changes in complete dentures processed by injection-pressing and the pack-and-press technique. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50(6):757-761. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(83)90085-9

Anderson GC, Schulte JK, Arnold TG. Dimensional stability of injection and conventional processing of denture base acrylic resin. J Prosthet Dent 1988; 60(3):394-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(88)90292-2

Heddle JA, Hite M, Kirkhart B, Mavournin K, MacGregor JT, Newell GW, et al. The induction of micronuclei as a measure of genotoxicity. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. Mutat Res 1983; 123(1):61-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(83)90047-7

Bayraktar G, Guvener B, Bural C, Uresin Y. Influence of polymerization method, curing process, and length of time of storage in water on the residual methyl methacrylate content in dental acrylic resins. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2006; 76(2):340-345. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30377

Countryman PI, Heddle JA. The production of micronuclei from chromosome aberrations in irradiated cultures of human lymphocytes. Mutat Res 1976; 41(2-3):321-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(76)90105-6

Urban VM, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Giampaolo ET, Pavarina AC, de Almeida FG, et al. Effect of water-bath post-polymerization on the mechanical properties, degree of conversion, and leaching of residual compounds of hard chairside reline resins. Dent Mater 2009; 25(5):662-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2008.10.017

Austin AT, Basker RM. The level of residual monomer in acrylic denture base materials with particular reference to a modified method of analysis. Br Dent J 1980; 149(10):281-286. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4804511

Bartoloni JA, Murchison DF, Wofford DT, Sarkar NK. Degree of conversion in denture base materials for varied polymerization techniques 1. J Oral Rehabil 2000; 27(6):488-493. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00536.x

Vallittu PK, Ruyter IE, Buykuilmaz S. Effect of polymerization temperature and time on the residual monomer content of denture base polymers. Eur J Oral Sci 1998; 106(1):588-593. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0909-8836.1998.eos106109.x

Ata SO, Yavuzyılmaz H. In vitro comparison of the cytotoxicity of acetal resin, heat‐polymerized resin, and auto‐polymerized resin as denture base materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 91(2):905-909. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.31473

Cimpan MR, Cressey LI, Skaug N, Halstensen A, Lie SA, Gjertsen BT, et al. Patterns of cell death induced by eluates from denture base acrylic resins in U‐937 human monoblastoid cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2000; 108(1):59-69. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0722.2000.00730.x

Jorge JH, Giampaolo ET, Machado AL, Vergani CE. Cytotoxicity of denture base acrylic resins: A literature review. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 90(2):190-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(03)00349-4.

Azzarri MJ, Cortizo MS, Alessandrini JL. Effect of the curing conditions on the properties of an acrylic denture base resin microwave polymerized. J Dent 2003; 31(7):463-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-5712(03)00090-3

Ruiz-Genao DP, Moreno de Vega MJ, Sánchez Pérez J, García-Díez A. Labial edema due to an acrylic dental prosthesis. Contact Dermatitis 2003; 48(5):273-274. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00100.x

Kedjarune U, Charoenworaluk N, Koontongkaew S. Release of methyl methacrylate from heat-cured and autopolymerized resins: Cytotoxicity testing related to residual monomer. Aust Dent J 1999; 44(1):25-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1999.tb00532.x

Koutis D, Freeman S. Allergic contact stomatitis caused by acrylic monomer in a denture. Australas J Dermatol 2001; 42(3):203-206. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0960.2001.00517.x

Raszewski Z. Influence of polymerization method on the cytotoxicity of three different denture base acrylic resins polymerized in different methods. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27(10):2612-2616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.039

Arora O, Ahmed N, Nallaswamy D, Ganapathy D, Srinivasan M. Denture base materials: An in vitro evaluation of the mechanical and color properties. J Dent 2024; 145:104993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104993

Chokkattu JJ, Neeharika S, Brahmajosyula IP, Thangavelu L. Comparative evaluation of cellular toxicity of three heat polymerized acrylic resins: An in vitro study. World J Dent 2023; 14(6):492-497. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2256