Investigation of Microbial Contamination in the Clinic and Laboratory of the Prosthodontics Department of Dental School

Sharzad  Taheri; Ghazaleh  Shahabinezhad; Molook  Torabi; Soodabeh Torabi  Parizi

Authors

Sharzad Taheri
Ghazaleh Shahabinezhad
Molook Torabi
Soodabeh Torabi Parizi

Keywords:

Cross Infection, Microbiology, Bacteria

Abstract

Objective: To determine the level of clinical contamination in the clinic and laboratory of the prosthodontics department of Kerman Dental School. Material and Methods: Clinical surfaces of the dental units, the laboratory, and the professors' lounge of the prosthodontics department were randomly sampled. The sampled surfaces included the dental units' console, light switch, light handle, headrest, and air-water spray syringe in the clinic, plastering tables, buttons of the vibrator, polishing, and trimmer machines, acryl tables, handles of pressure pot and press machine, handpiece holders, work desks, and drawer handles in the laboratory, and desks, computer mouse and keyboard, telephone sets, and doorknob in the professor's lounge. The samples were examined for the type and growth of microorganisms. The data were entered into SPSS, where they were analyzed using the chi-square test at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Of all the samples taken, 89.9% showed microbial contamination. The most common type of contamination was fungus (34.8%) and the least common types were Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.1%). The second and third most common types of bacteria in the samples were Staphylococcus aureus (18%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.4%), respectively. There was no significant difference between the frequencies of microbial contamination in the clinic, the laboratory, and the professors' lounge. Conclusion: Given the strong chance of cross-infection in the examined department and laboratory, it is necessary to enforce protocols for proper disinfection of surfaces before, between and after treatments.

References

Artini M, Scoarughi GL, Papa R, Dolci G, De Luca M, Orsini G, et al. Specific anti cross-infection measures may help to prevent viral contamination of dental unit waterlines: a pilot study. Infection 2008; 36(5):467-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-008-7246-5

Alavian SM. Hepatitis C virus infection: Epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies in public health in I.R.IRAN. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Brench 2010; 3(1):5-14.

Dahiya P, Kamal R, Sharma V, Kaur S. “Hepatitis” – prevention and management in dental practice. J Educ Health Promot 2015; 4:33. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.157188

Kohn WG, Collins AS, Cleveland JL, Harte JA, Eklund KJ, Malvitz DM. CDC centers for disease control and prevention guidelines for infection control in dental health care settings. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2003; 52(RR-17):1-61.

Aljohani Y, Almutadares M, Alfaifi K, El Madhoun M, Albahiti MH, Al-Hazmi N. Uniform-related infection control practices of dental students. Infect Drug Resist 2017; 10:135-42. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S128161

Baseer MA, Rahman G, Yassin MA. Infection control practices in dental school: a patient perspective from Saudi Arabia. Dent Res J 2013; 10(1):25-30. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-3327.111763

Castiglia P, Liguori G, Montagna MT, Napoli C, Pasquarella C, Bergomi M, et al. Italian multicenter study on infection hazards during dental practice: control of environmental microbial contamination in public dental surgeries. BMC Public Health 2008; 8:187. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-187

Pasquarella C, Veronesi L, Castiglia P, Liguori G, Montagna MT, Napoli C, et al. Italian multicentre study on microbial environmental contamination in dental clinics: a pilot study. Sci Total Environ 2010; 408(19):4045-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.010

Ibrahim NK, Alwafi HA, Sangoof SO, Turkistani AK, Alattas BM. Cross-infection and infection control in dentistry: Knowledge, attitude and practice of patients attended dental clinics in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10(4):438-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2016.06.002

Singh A, Purohit BM, Bhambal A, Saxena S, Singh A, Gupta A. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding infection control measures among dental students in central India. J DenT Educ 2011; 75(3):421-7.

Valian A, Shahbazi R, Farshidnia S, Sadat Tabatabaee F. Evaluation of the bacterial contamination of dental units in restorative and peridontics departments of dental school of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. J Mash Dent Sch 2014; 37(4):345-56.

Coleman DC, J O'Donnell M, Boyle M, Russell R. Microbial biofilm control within the dental clinic: reducing multiple risks. J Infect Prev 2010; 11(6):192-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757177410376845

Prospero E, Savini S, Annino I. Microbial aerosol contamination of dental healthcare workers' faces and other surfaces in dental practice. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol 2003; 24(2):139-41. https://doi.org/10.1086/502172

Al Maghlouth A, Al Yousef Y, Al Bagieh N. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004; 5(4):91-100. https://doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-4-91

Williams DW, Chamary N, Lewis MA, Milward PJ, McAndrew R. Microbial contamination of removable prosthodontic appliances from laboratories and impact of clinical storage. Br Dent J 2011; 211(4):163-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.675

Eskandarizadeh A, Parizi MT, Goroohi H, Badrian H, Asadi A, Khalighinejad N. Histological assessment of pulpal responses to resin modified glass ionomer cements in human teeth. Dent Res J 2015; 12(2):144-9.

Hashemipour MA, Ghasemi AR, Dogaheh MA, Torabi M. Effects of locally and systemically applied n-3 fatty acid on oral ulcer recovery process in rats. Wounds 2012; 24(9):258-66.

Rekabi AR, Ashouri R, Torabi M, Parirokh M, Abbott PV. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia mimicking apical periodontitis: a case report. Aust Endod J 2013; 39(3):176-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2011.00325.x

Afshar MK, Torabi M, Bahremand M, Afshar MK, Najmi F, Mohammadzadeh I. Oral health literacy and related factors among pregnant women referring to Health Government Institute in Kerman, Iran. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr 2020; 20:e5337. https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.011

Sheth NC, Rathod YV, Shenoi PR, Shori DD, Khode RT, Khadse AP. Evaluation of new technique of sterilization using biological indicator. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20(5):346-50. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCD.JCD_253_16

Williams HN, Singh R, Romberg E. Surface contamination in the dental operatory: a comparison over two decades. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134(3):325-30. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0161

Szymanska J. Dental bioaerosol as an occupational hazard in a dentist's workplace. Ann Agric Environ Med 2007; 14(2):203-7.

Cristina ML, Spagnolo AM, Sartini M, Dallera M, Ottria G, Lombardi R, et al. Evaluation of the risk of infection through exposure to aerosols and spatters in dentistry. Am J Infect Control 2008; 36(4):304-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.019

Agostinho AM, Miyoshi PR, Gnoatto N, Paranhos HFO, Figueiredo LC, Salvador SL. Cross-contamination in the dental laboratory through the polishing procedure of complete dentures. Braz Dent J 2004; 15(2):138-43. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402004000200010

Vázquez Rodríguez I, Gómez Suárez R, Estany-Gestal A, Mora Bermúdez MJ, Varela-Centelles P, Santana Mora U. Control of cross-contamination in dental prostheses laboratories in Galicia. An Sist Sanit Navar 2018; 41(1):75-82. https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0169

Kurita H, Kurashina K, Honda T. Nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus via the surfaces of the dental operatory. Br Dent J 2006; 201(5): 297-300. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4813974

Ghavam M, Aligholi M. Bacterial contamination of four commonly used dental materials. J Islamic Dent Assoc Iran 2006; 18(3):84-91.

Esfahani M, Sharifi M, Tofangchiha M, Salehi P, Gosili A. Bacterial contamination of dental units before and after disinfection. J Dent Sci 2017; 4(4):206-10. https://doi.org/10.21276/sjds

Venâncio GN, Coelho VHM, Cestari TF, Almeida MEA, Cruz CBN. Microbial contamination of a University dental clinic in Brazil. Braz J Oral Sci 2017; 15(4):248-51. https://doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i4.8650030

Kreig NR, Holt JG. Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1984. p. 603-707.

Muhadi SA, Aznamshah NA, Jahanfar S. A cross-sectional study of microbial comtamination of medical student’s white coat. Mal J Microbial 2007; 3(1):35-8. https://doi.org/10.21161/mjm.00607

Mathivanan A, Saisadan D, Manimaran P, Kumar CD, Sasikala K, Kattack A. Evaluation of efficiency of different decontamination methods of dental burs: an in vivo study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9(Suppl 1):S37-S40. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_81_17