Influence of the Vehicle on the Tissue Reaction and Biomineralization of Fast Endodontic Cement

Luciana Solera  Sales; Alailson Domingos  dos Santos; Leopoldo  Cosme-Silva; India Olinta de Azevedo  Queiroz; Christine Men  Martins; Renan  Dal-Fabbro; João Carlos Silos  Moraes; Luciano Tavares Angelo  Cintra; André Pinheiro de Magalhães  Bertoz; João Eduardo  Gomes Filho

Authors

Luciana Solera Sales
Alailson Domingos dos Santos
Leopoldo Cosme-Silva
India Olinta de Azevedo Queiroz
Christine Men Martins
Renan Dal-Fabbro
João Carlos Silos Moraes
Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
André Pinheiro de Magalhães Bertoz
João Eduardo Gomes Filho

Keywords:

Endodontics, Biocompatible Materials, Biomineralization, Root Canal Therapy

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the tissue response and the biomineralization ability of CER prepared with epoxy resin or water compared to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Material and Methods: Polyethylene tubes containing materials or empty tubes for control were inserted into the subcutaneous tissues of 30 rats. After 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, the rats were killed and the tubes were removed for analysis using hematoxylin-eosin staining, von Kossa staining, and under polarized light. Inflammation was graded through a score system; the thickness of the fibrous capsule was classified as thin or thick; the biomineralization ability was recorded as present or absent. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Results: Histologic analysis performed after 7 and 15 days for CER prepared with epoxy resin or water and for MTA showed moderate inflammation and a thick fibrous capsule (p>0.05). After 30, 60, and 90 days, mild inflammation, and a thin fibrous capsule were observed in all groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: All materials had structures positive for von Kossa and birefringent to polarized light. CER epoxy resin showed biocompatibility and biomineralization similar to CER water and MTA.

References

Willershausen I, Wolf T, Kasaj A, Weyer V, Willershausen B, Marroquin BB. Influence of a bioceramic root end material and mineral trioxide aggregates on fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58(9):1232-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.04.002

Cosme-Silva L, Gomes-Filho JE, Benetti F, Dal-Fabbro R, Sakai VT, Cintra LTA, et al. Biocompatibility and immunohistochemical evaluation of a new calcium silicate-based cement, Bio-C Pulpo. Int Endod J 2019; 52(5):689-700. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13052

Cosme-Silva L, Santos AF, Lopes CS, Dal-Fabbro R, Benetti F, Gomes-Filho JE, et al. Cytotoxicity, inflammation, biomineralization, and immunoexpression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha promoted by a new bioceramic cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200033. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0033

Cintra LTA, Benetti F, de Azevedo Queiroz ÍO, de Araújo Lopes JM, Penha de Oliveira SH, Sivieri Araújo G, et al. Cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and biomineralization of the new high-plasticity MTA material. J Endod 2017; 43(5):774-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.12.018

Gomes-Filho JE, Rodrigues G, Watanabe S, Estrada Bernabé PF, Lodi CS, Gomes AC, et al. Evaluation of the tissue reaction to fast endodontic cement (CER) and Angelus MTA. J Endod 2009; 35(10):1377-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.06.010

Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod 1999; 25(3):197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80142-3

Torabinejad M, Hong CU, McDonald F, Pitt Ford TR. Physical and chemical properties of a new root-end filling material. J Endod 1995; 21(7):349-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80967-2

Ber BS, Hatton JF, Stewart GP. Chemical modification of proroot mta to improve handling characteristics and decrease setting time. J Endod 2007; 33(10):1231-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.06.012

Santos AD, Moraes JC, Araújo EB, Yukimitu K, Valério Filho WV. Physico-chemical properties of MTA and a novel experimental cement. Int Endod J 2005; 38(7):443-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00963.x

Bueno CR, Valentim D, Marques VA, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LT, Jacinto RC, et al. Biocompatibility and biomineralization assessment of bioceramic-, epoxy-, and calcium hydroxide-based sealers. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30(1):S1806-83242016000100267. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0081

Kopper PM, Figueiredo JA, Della Bona A, Vanni JR, Bier CA, Bopp S. Comparative in vivo analysis of the sealing ability of three endodontic sealers in post-prepared root canals. Int Endod J 2003; 36(12):857-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2003.00730.x

De Almeida WA, Leonardo MR, Tanomaru Filho M, Silva LA. Evaluation of apical sealing of three endodontic sealers. Int Endod J 2000; 33(1):25-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00247.x

Silva EJ, Rosa TP, Herrera DR, Jacinto RC, Gomes BP, Zaia AA. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer MTA Fillapex. J Endod 2013; 39(2):274-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.030

Yaltirik M, Ozbas H, Bilgic B, Issever H. Reactions of connective tissue to mineral trioxide aggregate and amalgam. J Endod 2004; 30(2):95-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200402000-00008

Gomes-Filho JE, Gomes BP, Zaia AA, Novaes PD, Souza-Filho FJ. Glycol methacrylate: an alternative method for embedding subcutaneous implants. J Endod 2001; 27(4):266-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200104000-00005

Garcia LFR, Santos AD, Moraes JCS, Costa CAS. Cytotoxic effects of new MTA-based cement formulations on fibroblast-like MDPL-20 cells. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30(1):e28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0028

Cosme-Silva L, Benetti F, Dal-Fabbro R, Gomes Filho JE, Sakai VT, Cintra LTA, et al. Biocompatibility and biomineralization ability of Bio-C Pulpecto. A histological and immunohistochemical study. Int J Paediat. Dent 2019; 29(3):352-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12464.

AlShwaimi E, Bogari D, Ajaj R, Al-Shahrani S, Almas K, Majeed A. In vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis: a systematic review. J Endod 2016; 42(11):1588-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.08.001

Mori GG, Teixeira LM, de Oliveira DL, Jacomini LM, da Silva SR. Biocompatibility evaluation of biodentine in subcutaneous tissue of rats. J Endod 2014; 40(9):1485-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.027

Holland R, de Souza V, Nery MJ, Otoboni Filho JA, Bernabé PF, Dezan Júnior E. Reaction of rat connective tissue to implanted dentin tubes filled with mineral trioxide aggregate or calcium hydroxide. J Endod 1999; 25(3):161-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(99)80134-4

Camilleri J. The physical properties of accelerated Portland cement for endodontic use. Int Endod J 2008; 41(2):151-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01330.x

Ribeiro DA, Duarte MA, Matsumoto MA, Marques ME, Salvadori DM. Biocompatibility in vitro tests of mineral trioxide aggregate and regular and white Portland cements. J Endod 2005; 31(8):605-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000153842.06657.e2

Saidon J, He J, Zhu Q, Safavi K, Spångberg LS. Cell and tissue reactions to mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003; 95(4):483-9. https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2003.20

Scarparo RK, Grecca FS, Fachin EV. Analysis of tissue reactions to methacrylate resin-based, epoxy resin-based, and zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic sealers. J Endod 2009; 35(2):229-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.10.025

Viola NV, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, da Silva GF, Sasso-Cerri E, Tanomaru-Filho M, Cerri PS. Biocompatibility of an experimental MTA sealer implanted in the rat subcutaneous: quantitative and immunohistochemical evaluation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100(7):1773-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.32744

Martins CM, Gomes-Filho JE, de Azevedo Queiroz ÍO, Ervolino E, Cintra LT. Hypertension undermines mineralization-inducing capacity of and tissue response to mineral trioxide aggregate endodontic cement. J Endod 2016; 42(4):604-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.003