Association between Oral Health Literacy and Socioeconomic Variables in Users of Centers for Dental Specialties

Alcir José  de Oliveira Júnior; Fábio Luiz  Mialhe; Eduardo de Novaes  Benedicto; Maria Ercília  de Araujo; Mariana  Gabriel

Authors

Alcir José de Oliveira Júnior
Fábio Luiz Mialhe
Eduardo de Novaes Benedicto
Maria Ercília de Araujo
Mariana Gabriel

Keywords:

Health Literacy, Health Education, Specialties, Dental, Secondary Care Centers

Abstract

Objective: To test possible associations between Oral Health Literacy (OHL) level and socioeconomic covariates among users of Centers for Dental Specialties (CEOs). Material and Methods: The Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) instrument was applied to 130 adult users of CEOs located in 13 municipalities in the state of São Paulo – Brazil, as well as socioeconomic issues. The researcher applied instruments in a specific room after randomly selecting individuals in the waiting room and invitation acceptance. Each item was ranked on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4, in which high scores indicate minimal difficulties in performing functions (high OHL) and low scores indicate very limited abilities to perform functions (low OHL). Statistical analysis using the Levene test was used to verify the possibility of using the one-way ANOVA test, and in case results show positive values (p>0.05), the Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results: The average age of participants was 45 years, with more than half being female (68.7%) with 9-11 years of schooling (48.4%). When considering the total value of HeLD-14 questions, OHL was associated with covariates schooling, marital status and family income. Conclusion: OHL levels were associated with socioeconomic variables, contributing to evidence in this field of specialized care.

References

Sykes S, Wills J, Rowlands G, Popple K. Understanding critical health literacy: a concept analysis. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:150. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-150

Nutbeam D, McGill B, Premkumar P. Improving health literacy in community populations: a review of progress. Health Promot Int 2018; 33(5):901-11. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax015

World Health Organization. Promoting Health and Development: Closing the Implementation Gap. Nairobi, Kenya. 2009.

Selden CR, Zorn M, Ratzan SC, Parker RM. National Library of Medicine Current Bibliographies in Medicine: Health Literacy. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000.

Batista MJ, Lawrence HP, Sousa MDLR. Oral health literacy and oral health outcomes in an adult population in Brazil. BMC Public Health 2017; 18(1):60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4443-0

Junkes MC, Fraiz FC, Sardenberg F, Lee JY, Paiva SM, Ferreira FM. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry - BREALD-30. PLoS One 2015; 10(7):e0131600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131600

Bado FMR, Ferreira FM, de Souza BT, Mialhe FL. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the oral health literacy assessment-Spanish to Brazilian Portuguese. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr 2017; 17(1):e2976. https://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2017.171.19

Mialhe FL, Bado FMR, Ju X, Brennan DS, Jamieson L. Validation of the health literacy in dentistry scale in Brazilian adults. Int Dent J 2020; 70(2):116-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12531

Ju X, Brennan DS, Parker E, Chrisopoulos S, Jamieson L. Confirmatory factor analysis of the health literacy in dentistry scale (HeLD) in the Australian population. Community Dent Health 2018; 35(3):140-7. https://doi.org/10.1922/CDH_4325Ju08

Jones K, Brennan D, Parker E, Jamieson L. Development of a short-form Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 43(2):143-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12133

Brasil. Portaria nº 1.570/GM de 29 de Julho de 2004. Estabelece critérios, normas e requisitos para a implantação e habilitação de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas e Laboratórios Regionais de Próteses Dentárias. Diário Oficial da União 2004; 29 jul. [In Portuguese].

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica-PMAQ/Manual Instrutivo. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2012. Available from: https://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/publicacoes/geral/manual_instrutivo_pmaq_site.pdf. [Accessed on April 20, 2019]. [In Portuguese].

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ): Manual Instrutivo 3º Ciclo (2015 – 2016). Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2015. Available from: http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/portaldab/documentos/Manual_Instrutivo_3_Ciclo_PMAQ.pdf. [Accessed on April 20, 2019]. [In Portuguese].

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Instrumento de Avaliação Externa para os Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO). Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2017. Available from: http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/portaldab/documentos/instrumento_ae_ceo.pdf [Accessed on April 20, 2019]. [In Portuguese].

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Agente Comunitário de Saúde. Available from: https://portalms.saude.gov.br/acoes-e-programas/saude-da-familia/agente-comunitario-de-saude [Accessed on May 1, 2019]. [In Portuguese].

Altman DG. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman and Hall; 1991.

Armitage P, Berry G, Matthews JNS. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 4th. ed. London: Blackwell Science; 2002.

Conover WJ. Practical Nonparametric Statistics 3rd. ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

Sheskin DJ. Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2004.

Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical Methods. 8th. ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press; 1989.

Stokes JE, Moorman SM. Influence of the social network on married and unmarried older adults' mental health. Gerontologist 2018; 58(6):1109-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx151.

Firmino RT, Martins CC, Faria LDS, Martins Paiva S, Granville-Garcia AF, Fraiz FC, et al. Association of oral health literacy with oral health behaviors, perception, knowledge, and dental treatment related outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health Dent 2018; 78(3):231-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12266

Cascaes AM, Menegaz AM, Spohr AR, Bomfim RA, Barros AJD. Inequalities in Brazilian families' income commitment to out-of-pocket spending on dental care. Cad Saude Publica 2018; 34(7):e00104017. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00104017

Sakata KN, Mishima SM. Cooperative interventions and the interaction of community health agents within the family health team. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2012; 46(3):665-72. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0080-62342012000300019

van der Heide I, Wang J, Droomers M, Spreeuwenberg P, Rademakers J, Uiters E. The relationship between health, education, and health literacy: results from the Dutch adult literacy and life skills survey. J Health Commun 2013; 18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):172-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.825668

Zhang Y, Wong MC, Lo EC. Pathways of oral health knowledge, attitudes, practices, and status in married couples. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 44(4):400-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12228

Boscato N, Schuch HS, Grasel CE, Goettems ML. Differences of oral health conditions between adults and older adults: A census in a Southern Brazilian city. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16(9):1014-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12588

Mantwill S, Schulz PJ. Low health literacy and healthcare utilization among immigrants and non-immigrants in Switzerland. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100(11):2020-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.05.023

Turabián JL, Pérez Franco B. El acompañante en la entrevista clínica de atención primaria. Semergen 2015; 41(4):206-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2014.05.012 [In Spanish].

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Estudo aponta que 75% dos idosos usam apenas o SUS. Available from: https://portalms.saude.gov.br/noticias/agencia-saude/44451-estudo-aponta-que-75-dos-idosos-usam-apenas-o-sus [Accessed on April 21, 2019]. [In Portuguese].

Colet CF, Borges PEM, Amador TA. Profile of drug spend among elderly individuals from different socioeconomic groups. Rev Bras Geriatra Gerontol 2016; 19(4):591-601. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-98232016019.150038

Areosa VC, Bulla LC. O envelhecimento humano e as novas configuraçães familiares: o idoso como provedor. Psicologia 2010; 24(1):161-71. https://doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v24i1.301 [In Portuguese].

Brasil. Ministério da Cidadania. Secretaria Especial do Desenvolvimento Social. Como funciona. 2015. Available from: https://mds.gov.br/assuntos/bolsa-familia/o-que-e/como-funciona/como-funciona [Accessed on April 21, 2019]. [In Portuguese].

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Em 2018, mulher recebia 79,5% do rendimento do homem. 2019. Available from: https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/23923-em-2018-mulher-recebia-79-5-do-rendimento-do-homem. [Accessed on April 21, 2019]. [In Portuguese].