RESTRIÇÃO E FACILITAÇÃO DOS DESLOCAMENTOS HUMANOS ENTRE OS ESTADOS
AS MUDANÇAS INSTITUCIONAIS QUE DERAM ORIGEM AO ACNUR E À INCORPORAÇÃO DOS APÁTRIDAS AO SEU MANDATO
Palavras-chave:
Refúgio, migrações, instituições, apátridas, ACNURResumo
O Alto-Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados (ACNUR) foi criado com a missão de proteger os refugiados, pessoas que estão fora de seu país de origem por motivações relacionadas à perseguição, conflitos, violência ou violações de direitos humanos. Ao longo de sua história, a organização lidou com vários desafios e, como resposta, ampliou seu mandato inicial para expandir os grupos sob sua proteção. Partindo de uma abordagem institucionalista e com o objetivo de expandir o entendimento de processos complexos de mudança institucional, este estudo se propôs a caracterizar a trajetória histórica do mandato do ACNUR que permitiu à organização ampliar sua forma de atuação, bem como incorporar o grupo dos apátridas ao seu rol protetivo. Por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática exaustiva, foram selecionados 32 textos que permitem a identificação dos vetores institucionais atuantes na origem e nos principais processos de mudança institucional que afetaram historicamente a atuação do ACNUR e que ampliaram seu mandato inicial de forma a incluir os apátridas. Os resultados demonstram que, com frequência, a organização usou de sua discricionariedade e dotações de poder para explorar ambiguidades institucionais e promover mudanças que lhe permitissem ampliar seu mandato.
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