Submissões

Diretrizes para Autores

Guidelines for Authors

1. General
2. Submission Preparation Checklist
3. Manuscript Submission Overview
4. Types of Articles
5. Submission Process
5.1. Accepted File Formats
5.2. Cover Letter
6. Manuscript and text formatting
6.1. Manuscript format
6.2. General formatting of manuscripts
6.3. Manuscript structure
6.3.1. Manuscript Sections
6.3.2. Complementary Sections
6.3.2.1. Supplementary Materials
6.3.2.2. Funding
6.3.2.3. Acknowledgments
6.3.2.4. Institutional Review Board Statement
6.3.2.5. Informed Consent Statement
6.3.2.6. Conflicts of Interest
6.3.3. References
6.3.4. Figures, Schemes and Tables
7. Ethical considerations, Malpractice Statement
8. Copyright / Open Access

Guidelines for Authors

1. General

Submissions are continuous flow, that is, they are accepted throughout the year, even if there are special open calls. Authors must follow the instructions described in the items below and the Editorial Policies. Articles that are not in compliance will be rejected.

Manuscripts may be submitted in English, Portuguese or Spanish.

It is important that authors check whether all files (manuscript, figures, tables, etc.) have been duly sent.

In case of acceptance, authors must optionally pay a fee, which is fully reverted to hosting maintenance and improvements of the journal. The publication fee is USD 150.

Before beginning the submission, read Ethical Guides and Publication Copyright and Malpratice Statement in Sections 7 and 8, and make sure that you agree with all terms, as well as that the study was conducted in accordance with BIOFARM and international standards, regarding the ethical rules.

2. Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

Please:

1. Read the Aims & Scope to gain an overview and assess if your manuscript is suitable for this journal;
2. Make sure that issues about publication ethics, research ethics, copyright, authorship, figure formats, data and references format have been appropriately considered;
3. Sign the Term of Assignment of Rights.
4. Use the Cover Letter template to prepare your Cover Letter;
5. Use the BIOFARM template manuscript and BIOFARM template suplementary Information to prepare your manuscript;
6. Ensure that all authors have approved the content of the submitted manuscript.

3. Manuscript Submission Overview

Submissions are continuous flow, that is, they are accepted throughout the year, even if there are special open calls. Authors must follow the instructions described in the items below and the Editorial Policies. Articles that are not in compliance will be rejected.

Manuscripts submitted to BIOFARM should neither be published previously nor be under consideration for publication in another journal. The main article types are listed below:

4. Types of Articles

Original Article

Article: These are original research manuscripts. The work should report scientifically sound experiments and provide a substantial amount of new information. The article should include the most recent and relevant references in the field. The structure should include an Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions sections, with a suggested minimum word count of 4000 words.

Short Communication

Short Communications are short, observational studies that report preliminary results or a short complete study or protocol. Short Communications usually contain two figures and/or a table; however, the Materials and Methods sections should be detailed to ensure reproducibility of the presented work. The structure is similar to that of an article, and there is a suggested minimum word count of 2500 words.

Technical Note

Technical notes are brief articles focused on a new technique, method, or procedure. These should describe important modifications or unique applications for the described method. Technical notes can also be used for describing a new software tool or computational method. The structure should include an Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions, with a suggested minimum word count of 3500 words.

Letters

Letter is a medium for the expression of scientific opinions and views normally concerning material published in the Journal, but not for revision/update of the authors' own work. When a Letter polemical in nature is accepted, a reply from the implicated parties will be requested for publication alongside the original Letter. Contributions in this format are intended to be published as soon as possible. No Abstract is required for letters. They should not exceed two printed page in length.

Review

Reviews offer a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature within a field of study, identifying current gaps or problems. They should be critical and constructive and provide recommendations for future research. No new, unpublished data should be presented. The structure can include an Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Relevant Sections, Discussion, Conclusions, and Future Directions, with a suggested minimum word count of 8000 words, and at least 70 references.

Systematic Review

Systematic review articles present a detailed investigation of previous research on a given topic that use clearly defined search parameters and methods to identify, categorize, analyze, and report aggregated evidence on a specific topic. The structure is similar to a review, with a suggested minimum word count of 4000 words; however, they should include a Methods section.

Mini-Review

Mini review are similiar to review, but smaller. The structure can include an Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Relevant Sections, Discussion, Conclusions, and Future Directions, with a suggested minimum word count of 4000 words.

5. Submission Process

Manuscripts for BIOFARM should be submitted online at https://revista.uepb.edu.br/BIOFARM/user/register. The submitting author, who is generally the corresponding author, is responsible for the manuscript during the submission and peer-review process. The submitting author must ensure that all eligible co-authors have been included in the author list and that they have all read and approved the submitted version of the manuscript. Once you have registered, click on the following link to go to the submission forms for BIOFARM https://revista.uepb.edu.br/BIOFARM/login.

5.1. Accepted File Formats

Authors are encouraged to use the Microsoft Word template available at Section 6.2. to prepare their manuscript. Using the template file will substantially shorten the time to complete copy-editing and publication of accepted manuscripts. Please insert your graphics (schemes, figures, etc.) in the main text after the paragraph of its first citation.

The file formats acceptable for the main manuscript document are docx (Microsoft© Word™ 2007 or higher) or doc format (compatible with all versions of the MS Word™ and most other text editors – e.g., OpenOffice, LibreOffice/BrOffice).

5.2. Cover Letter

A Cover Letter is mandatory and must be included with each manuscript submission. It should be concise and explain why the content of the paper is significant, placing the findings in the context of existing work. It should explain why the manuscript fits the scope of the journal.

All cover letters are required to include the statements:

• We confirm that neither the manuscript nor any parts of its content are currently under consideration or published in another journal.
• We confirm that the manuscript is following the ethical and methodological guidelines of the journal.
• All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to (journal name).

Authors can use the template below Cover Letter template to prepare their cover letter.

6. Manuscript and text formatting

6.1. Manuscript format

The original research articles should include the following items: Title page (with Abstract), Introduction, Material and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and References.

6.2. General formatting of manuscripts:

Publication of any paper in BIOFARM requires strict conformance to the BIOFARM template manuscript available below. Standard font is Arial (12 pt), and the entire body in single space, with all pages numbered and all text justified-aligned, except for the manuscript title which should appear in bold and centered. For indentations, use tab stops or other commands, not the space bar. The default page size is A4 with all margins at 2.5 cm.

Templates

BIOFARM template Manuscript

BIOFARM template Supplementary Informations

6.3. Manuscript structure

These sections should appear in all manuscript types

Title – The title of your manuscript should be concise, specific and relevant. It should identify if the study reports (human or animal) trial data, or is a systematic review, meta-analysis or replication study. When gene or protein names are included, the abbreviated name rather than full name should be used. Please do not include abbreviated or short forms of the title, such as a running title or headAuthor names and affiliations – Provide full author names. The authors’ affiliations should be placed immediately below the list of authors. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript number immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Affiliations must have the full postal address and email address. The corresponding author should be indicated with a superscript asterisk (*) after his/her affiliation number.

Author Names and Affiliations: Authors' full first and last names must be provided. The initials of any middle names can be added. Affiliations must have the full postal address and email address. The corresponding author should be indicated with a superscript asterisk (*) after his/her affiliation number. After acceptance, updates to author names or affiliations may not be permitted. Equal Contributions: authors who have contributed equally should be marked with a superscript symbol (†). The symbol must be included below the affiliations, and the following statement added: “These authors contributed equally to this work”.

Abstract: The abstract should be a total of about 250 words maximum. The abstract should be a single paragraph and should follow the style of structured abstracts, but without headings: 1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; 2) Methods: Describe briefly the main methods or treatments applied. Include any relevant preregistration numbers, and species and strains of any animals used. 3) Results: Summarize the article's main findings; and 4) Conclusion: Indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article: it must not contain results which are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.

Keywords: Three to ten pertinent keywords need to be added after the abstract. We recommend that the keywords are specific to the article, yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.

6.3.1. Manuscript Sections

Introduction: The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance, including specific hypotheses being tested. The current state of the research field should be reviewed carefully and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the main conclusions. Keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists working outside the topic of the paper.

Results: Provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.

Discussion: Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted in perspective of previous studies and of the working hypotheses. The findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest context possible and limitations of the work highlighted. Future research directions may also be mentioned. This section may be combined with Results.

Materials and Methods: They should be described with sufficient detail to allow others to replicate and build on published results. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited. Give the name and version of any software used and make clear whether computer code used is available. Include any pre-registration codes.

Conclusions: This section is not mandatory but can be added to the manuscript if the discussion is unusually long or complex.

Subsections: If subsections are necessary, they shall have their headings highlighted in italics.

6.3.2. Complementary Sections

6.3.2.1. Supplementary Materials: Describe any supplementary material published online alongside the manuscript (figure, tables, video, spreadsheets, etc.). Please indicate the name and title of each element as follows Figure S1: title, Table S1: title, etc. To submit Supplementary Informations, use the BIOFARM template SI below:

BIOFARM template Supplementary Informations

6.3.2.2. Funding: All sources of funding of the study should be disclosed. Clearly indicate grants that you have received in support of your research work and if you received funds to cover publication costs. Please add: “This research received no external funding” or “This research was funded by [name of funder] grant number [xxx]” in this section. Check carefully that the details given are accurate and use the standard spelling of funding agency names - any errors may affect your future funding.

6.3.2.3. Acknowledgments: In this section you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments, laboratory structure, availability of equipment use).

6.3.2.4. Institutional Review Board Statement: In this section, please add the Institutional Review Board Statement and approval number for studies involving humans or animals. Please note that the Editorial Office might ask you for further information. Please add “The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of NAME OF INSTITUTE (protocol code XXX and date of approval).” OR “Ethical review and approval were waived for this study, due to REASON (please provide a detailed justification).” OR “Not applicable” for studies not involving humans or animals. You might also choose to exclude this statement if the study did not involve humans or animals.

6.3.2.5. Informed Consent Statement: Any research article describing a study involving humans should contain this statement. Please add “Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.” OR “Patient consent was waived due to REASON (please provide a detailed justification).” OR “Not applicable” for studies not involving humans. You might also choose to exclude this statement if the study did not involve humans. Written informed consent for publication must be obtained from participating patients who can be identified (including by the patients themselves). Please state “Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient(s) to publish this paper” if applicable.

6.3.2.6. Conflicts of Interest: Authors must identify and declare any personal circunstances or interest that may be perceived as influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. If there is no conflict of interest, please state "The authors declare no conflict of interest." Any role of the funding sponsors in the choice of research project; design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. Any projects funded by industry must pay special attention to the full declaration of funder involvement. If there is no role, please state “The sponsors had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the study”.

6.3.3. References: References must be numbered in order of appearance in the text (including table captions and figure legends) and listed individually at the end of the manuscript. We recommend preparing the references with a bibliography software package, such as EndNote, ReferenceManager among others to avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references. Include the digital object identifier (DOI) for all references where available.We encourage citations to data, computer code and other citable research material. If available online, you may use reference style 9. below.

In the text, reference numbers should be placed in square brackets [ ], and placed before the punctuation; for example [1], [1–3] or [1,3]. For embedded citations in the text with pagination, use both parentheses and brackets to indicate the reference number and page numbers; for example [5] (p. 10). or [6] (pp. 101–105).

In case of using citations with author names, cite only the first author followed by "et al." for studies with three or more authors, followed by the number placed in square brackets [ ]. Different citations should be separated by a semicolon. If a citation includes sources by the same author, published in the same year, distinguishing letters from the references (a, b, c, etc.) are used, separated by a comma but no space.

The reference list should include the full title, as recommended by the ACS style guide.

References should be described as follows, depending on the type of work:

• Journal Articles:

1. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D. Title of the article. Abbreviated Journal Name Year, Volume, page range. doi: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

• Books and Book Chapters:

2. Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Book Title, 3rd ed.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, Year; pp. 154–196.
3. Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Title of the chapter. In Book Title, 2nd ed.; Editor 1, A., Editor 2, B., Eds.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, Year; Volume 3, pp. 154–196.

• Unpublished materials intended for publication:

4. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C. Title of Unpublished Work (optional). Correspondence Affiliation, City, State, Country. year, status (manuscript in preparation; to be submitted).
5. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C. Title of Unpublished Work. Abbreviated Journal Name year, phrase indicating stage of publication (submitted; accepted; in press).

• Unpublished materials not intended for publication:

6. Author 1, A.B. (Affiliation, City, State, Country); Author 2, C. (Affiliation, City, State, Country). Phase describing the material, year. (phase: Personal communication; Private communication; Unpublished work; etc.)

• Conference Proceedings:

7. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D.; Author 3, E.F. Title of Presentation. In Title of the Collected Work (if available), Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Date of Conference; Editor 1, Editor 2, Eds. (if available); Publisher: City, Country, Year (if available); Abstract Number (optional), Pagination (optional).

• Thesis:

8. Author 1, A.B. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of Completion.

• Websites:

9. Title of Site. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year).

Unlike published works, websites may change over time or disappear, so we encourage you create an archive of the cited website using a service such as WebCite. Archived websites should be cited using the link provided as follows:

10. Title of Site. URL (archived on Day Month Year).

6.3.4. Figures, Schemes and Tables

• All Figures, Schemes and Tables should be inserted into the main text close to their first citation and must be numbered consecutively, following their appearance in the text (e.g., Figure 1, Scheme 1, Figure 2, Scheme 2, Table 1, etc.).
• All Figures, Schemes and Tables should have a short explanatory title and caption.
• All table columns should have an explanatory heading. To facilitate the copy-editing of larger tables, smaller fonts may be used, but no less than 8 pt. in size. Authors should use the Table option of Microsoft Word to create tables.
• Authors are encouraged to prepare figures and schemes in color (RGB at 8-bit per channel).
• Figures and Schemes are accepted in formats as TIFF, JPEG, EPS and PDF.For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS. For color or grayscale photographs (halftones): use TIFF format and minimum of 300 dpi. In other types of images use at least 600 dpi and choose preferably the TIFF format.

7. Ethical Guides and Publication, Copyright and Malpractice Statement

Authors’ ethical obligations towards the scientific community and BIOFARM.

BIOFARM expects that, on submitting their papers, authors follow the ethical rules described below. Otherwise, they will be subjected to sanction according to COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) recommendations. COPE has been the forum for the BIOFARM editors in the guidance or recommendations concerning ethics of scholarly publishing.

1- Information and co-authorship permission

The correspondence author is responsible for including in the author list the names of every researcher actually responsible for the work. It is his/her duty to inform his/her collaborators of the manuscript content and obtain their permission for submission and publication.

2 - Privileged Information

It is the authors’ responsibility to carefully search through the several searching sites (SCI-ISI, Scopus, Google, and so on) for all the scientific work relevant to their reasoning, whether they agree or not with the results and hypotheses presented.

Data taken from the work of researchers, other than the ones who are authors of the manuscript being submitted to BIOFARM, must be properly cited and credited.  Such identification must be as detailed as possible. Privileged information, such as personal communications or discussions with a non-author, can only be cited with the explicit permission of the involved researcher.

Master’s Degree Dissertations and PhD Theses should not be cited as reference. In their places, should be cited the publications generated from them, easily localizable on the ISI, Scopus and, eventually, on Google or other leading search engines, so that the citation index of those work authors’ are not harmed.

3- Fragmentation

Work fragmentation takes too much journal space and makes literature research more difficult and time consuming. A scientist who does extensive work in a system or group of similar systems should organize his/her publication so as to present a solidly based study, as complete as possible, even if it covers only one aspect of such system.

4- Exclusivity

Simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal places unnecessary extra load on the peer reviewing system, and expectations on the journal that may be deceived if an accepted manuscript is withdrawn, representing an ethical deviation which is not accepted in BIOFARM.

5- Duplication/Plagiarism

Plagiarism, defined as “the appropriation of someone else’s ideas, processes, results or words, without the proper credit” is not accepted in BIOFARM. We consider plagiarism the word-for-word (or close to) copy of any other author’s texts or sentences. The self-plagiarism, that is, the replication of texts or data from previous works of the authors themselves, with or without the proper citation, is equally unacceptable. Reasonable repetition of some ideas and the re-ordering of one or two sentences by the authors themselves are acceptable. Word-for-word replication of data or sentences must come between quotation marks and with the due credit, in case it is essential for the discussion or contextualization of a specific set of data or hypotheses. It is equally unacceptable the suggestion of newness when the methodology or results have already been published, either by the author him/herself or by any other author.

7- Request of permission to reproduce already published material

It is relatively common, in Reviews and Accounts, the reproduction of figures, schemes and photos already published in other works. However, such reproduction requires the copyright permission given by the editor house, and/or authors of the original work, even if these materials were published by the same authors.

It is the authors' responsibility to obtain permission from other publishers for the reproduction of any artwork from other journals to be used in Reviews, or any other type of publication. Such specific Copyright Permissions should be sent to the BIOFARM Edictor in chief by e-mail. Suitable acknowledgement of reproduction must be given in the captions, in accordance with the recommendations of the original editors.

8- Ethical standards for the human and animal experimentations

Upon submission of papers involving humans, authors should confirm that they have followed the procedures in accordance with ethical standards of institutional committee on human experimentation and Helsinki´s declaration. Authors must also state that the study was approved by the institutional human experimentation committee or equivalent, and that informed consent was obtained.

Studies using experimental animals must state in the Methods section that the research was conducted in accordance with the internationally accepted principles for laboratory animal use. For cases of wild species collected, the license number of the collection must be provided, as well as the name of the agency that granted the approval. Articles describing work with animals will be accepted only if the procedures used are clearly described and conform to the legal requirements of the country in which the work was carried out and to all institutional guidelines. Methods sections of papers on research using human or animal subjects and/or tissue or field sampling must include required ethics statements. The absence of information about the ethical procedures of the work may result in rejection of the author’s paper by referees and/or editors.

The absence of information about the ethical procedures of the work may result in rejection of the author’s paper by referees and/or editors. Additionally, we will reject manuscripts containing sensitive information, or data whose publication could cause any kind of harm to the studied populations.

Also, editors should request, if necessary, additional information on the ethical aspects of the research when involving experiments on humans or animals.

Ethics and malpractice statements of the BIOFARM are based on COPE’s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors. It is necessary to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the authors, editors and the editorial board, reviewers and the publisher.

Duties / Responsibilities of authors

• Originality and Plagiarism - All manuscripts must be the original work of authors and not evidence plagiarism.
• Acknowledgement of sources - If the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.
• Authorship of the Paper - Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged.
• Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication - Authors must not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently.
• Disclosure and Conflicts of interest and financial support - authors should disclose any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript and acknowledge individuals or organisations that have provided financial support for research.
• Authors should only submit papers only on work that has been conducted in an ethical and responsible manner and that complies with all relevant legislation
• Data access and retention - Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with manuscripts for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data if possible.
• When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

Term of Assignment of Rights (download here)

The “Term of Assignment of Rights” is a mandatory document for submission and must be signed by authors and all co-authors, or alternatively by the corresponding author, who, upon signing, assumes responsibility for having received authorization from all other authors.

Duties / Responsibilities of the editor and the editorial board

• Publication decisions - The Editor is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The publication decision should be guided by the policies of the journal’s Editorial Board, and should be based exclusively on the academic merit and the decision of the reviewers. Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.
• Fair play - An editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
• Confidentiality - The Editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
• Disclosure and conflicts of interest - Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor’s own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Editors should excuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers. Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern.
• Involvement and cooperation in investigations – BIOFARM will respond to all allegations or suspicions of research or publication misconduct raised by readers, reviewers, or other editors. Cases of possible plagiarism or duplicate/redundant publication will be assessed by the journal. In other cases, the journal may request an investigation by the institution or other appropriate bodies. Every reported act of unethical publishing behavior must be looked into, even if it is discovered years after publication.

Duties / Responsibilities of reviewers

• Contribution to Editorial Decisions - Peer review assists the editors in making editorial decisions.
• Promptness - Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editors and excuse himself from the review process.
• Confidentiality - Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to, or discussed with others except as authorized by the editors.
• Standards of Objectivity - Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
• Acknowledgement of Sources - Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor’s attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.
• Disclosure and Conflict of Interest - Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

8. Copyright / Open Access

Authors and co-authors retain copyright, but cede the right to first publication to the Journal of Biology & Pharmacy and Agricultural Management (BIOFARM).

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media - such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. - will be allowed only with a written permission from the BIOFARM.

Articles published in BIOFARM will be Open-Access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The copyright is retained by the author(s). BIOFARM will insert the following note at the end of the published text:

© 2023 by the authors; licensee BIOFARM, Campina Grande, Brazil. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).