Passagem e Progresso na antropologia de Kant

Abstract

This article aims to analyze how anthropology can represent a way of realization of the passage between freedom and nature in Kant's thought. Thus, we want to make it clear that the problem inaugurated in the introductions to the Critique of Judgement about the possibility of a passage between the immeasurable gulf of freedom and nature becomes possible not only from the reflections made on the faculty of judgement and its implications in judgments of taste over the beautiful and in the judgments of purpose, but also from the thesis of progress presente in the Kant's philosophy of history which receives one of its forms of realization in matters involving human nature (anthropology). To construct our argument, let us first analyze anthropology in its relation to the philosophy of history from the thesis of progress and the thsis of unsociable sociability of human being, and, then, to understand how the essence of man is defined in Critical Idealism, so that we understand the systematic reach of anthropology in a possible sense of passage (from theory to practice, or from the first to the second Critique), and finally to focus on the idea of anthropology as a second part of Kantian morality, so that we may understand it as a form of realization of passage from freedom to nature which can be realized in the course of human history (not as an individual but as a species), so that Nature fulfills its purpose of developing all natural dispositions in man, culminating in his moral destination.